Design, Analysis, And Simulation Of The Hybrid Tri-Copter VTOL Tilt-Rotor UAV.
Keywords:
UAVs, VTOL, CFD, Multi-body dynamics simulations, FEA, Rotor-tilt
Abstract
The emergence of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has sparked a transformative shift across numerous industries, prompting a need for innovative design exploration aimed at elevating both performance and adaptability. This research delves into the intricate realm of aerial robotics, focusing on the design, analysis, and simulation of a Fixed Wing Tri copter Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) UAV. The proposed UAV configuration amalgamates the stability of fixed-wing platforms with the maneuverability of Tri copter architectures, promising a harmonious blend of efficiency and agility. Leveraging advanced computational techniques and theoretical frameworks, the study embarks on a meticulous examination of aerodynamic principles, structural integrity, propulsion dynamics, and control systems intricacies. Through rigorous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, finite element analysis (FEA), and multi-body dynamics simulations, the aerodynamic performance, structural robustness, and flight characteristics of the proposed UAV are meticulously scrutinized across diverse operational scenarios. These algorithms are engineered to choreograph smooth transitions between vertical and horizontal flight modes, thereby guaranteeing impeccable maneuverability and stability across the entirety of the mission profile. The culmination of this research yields invaluable insights into the design intricacies and operational capabilities of Fixed Wing Tri copter VTOL UAVs, paving the way for the advancement of aerial robotics in domains ranging from surveillance and reconnaissance to emergency response and beyond.
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30. Bin Junaid, A.; Sanchez, A.D.D.C.; Bosch, J.B.; Vitzilaios, N.; Zweiri, Y. Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Tilting Quadcopter. Robotics (2018), 7, 65.
31. Aggarwal, S., Kumar, N.: Path planning techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: a review, solutions, and challenges. Comput. Commun., 270–99 (2020).
32. Lee, D., & Ha, C.: Mechanics and control of quadrotors for tool operation. In: Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 177–184 (2012).
33. Bryson, M., & Sukkarieh, S.: A comparison of feature and posebased mapping using vision, inertial and GPS on a UAV. In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, 4256– 4262 (2011).
34. Hemakumara, P.; Sukkarieh, S.: Learning uav stability and control derivatives using gaussian processes. IEEE Trans. Rob. 29(4), 813–824 (2013).
35. Hara, N.; Tanaka, K.; Ohtake, H.; Wang, H.O.: Development of a flying robot with a pantograph-based variable wing mechanism. IEEE Trans. Rob. 25(1), 79–87 (2009).
2. Cetinsoy, E. Design and control of a gas-electric hybrid quad tilt-rotor UAV with morphing wing. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), Denver, CO, USA, 9–12 June 2015; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, (2015); pp. 82–91.
3. Low,J.E.; Win, L.T.S.; Shaiful, D.S.B.; Tan, C.H.; Soh, G.S.; Foong, S. Design and dynamic analysis of a trans-formable hovering rotorcraft (thor). In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Singapore, 29 May–3 June 2017; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, (2017); pp. 6389–6396.
4. Maes, W.H.; Steppe, K. Perspectives for Remote Sensing with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Precision Agriculture. Trends Plant Sci. (2019), 24, 152–164.
5. Yamazaki, F.; Matsuda, T.; Denda, S.; Liu, W. Construction of 3D models of buildings damaged by earthquakes using UAV aerial images. In Proceedings of the Tenth Pacific Conference Earthquake Engineering Building an Earthquake-Resilient Pacific, Sydney, Australia, 6–8 November (2015); pp. 6–8.
6. Stone, R.H.; Anderson, P.; Hutchison, C.; Tsai, A.; Gibbens, P.; Wong, K.C. Flight Testing of the T-Wing Tail-Sitter Unmanned Air Vehicle. J. Aircr. (2008), 45, 673–685.
7. Binz, F.; Islam, T.; Moormann, D. Attitude control of tiltwing aircraft using a wing-fixed coordinate system and in-cremental non-linear dynamic inversion. Int. J. Micro Air Veh. (2019), 11, 1756829319861370.
8. Jeong, J.; Yoon, S.; Kim, S.; Suk, J. Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Single Tilt-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Kissimmee, FL, USA, 5–9 January (2015); p. 1804.
9. Chen,Z.; Jia, H. Design of Flight Control System for a Novel Tilt-Rotor UAV. Complexity (2020), 4757381.
10. Soni, P.V. Characterization and Optimization of UAV Power System for Aerial and Submersible Multi-Medium Multirotor Vehicle. Ph.D. Thesis, Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, (2016).
11. Qin, Y.; Xu, W.; Lee, A.; Zhang, F. Gemini: A Compact yet Efficient Bi-copter UAV for Indoor Applications. IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett. (2020), 5, 1.
12. Chan,C.W.; Kam, T.Y. A procedure for power consumption estimation of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (2020), 1509, 012015.
13. Nandakumar, G.; Srinivasan, A.; Thondiyath, A. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Overlap and Offset on the Design of a Novel Quadrotor Configuration, VOOPS. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. (2017), 92, 615–628.
14. Shen, J.; Su, Y.; Liang, Q.; Zhu, X. Calculation and Identification of the Aerodynamic Parameters for Small-Scaled Fixed-Wing UAVs. Sensors (2018), 18, 206.
15. Öner, K.T.; Çetinsoy, E.; Sirimo˘ glu, E.; Hançer, C.; Ünel, M.; Ak¸ sit, M.F.; Kandemir, I. Mathematical modeling and vertical flight control of a tilt-wing UAV. Turk. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci. (2012), 20, 149–157.
16. Das, A.; Tiwari, S. Aerodynamics of plunging airfoil in wind gust. Aircr. Eng. Aerosp. Technol. (2018), 90, 1050–1064.
17. Zhao, D.; Guo, C.; Wu, T.; Wang, W.; Yin, X. Hydrodynamic Interactions between Bracket and Propeller of Podded Propulsor Based on Particle Image Velocimetry Test. Water (2019), 11, 1142.
18. Theys, B.; Dimitriadis, G.; Hendrick, P.; De Schutter, J. Influence of propeller configuration on propulsion system efficiency of multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), Arlington, VA, USA, 7–10 June 2016; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, (2016); pp. 195–201.
19. Fossen, T.I. Handbook of Marine Craft Hydrodynamics and Motion Control, 1st ed.; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, (2011).
20. Bouabdallah, S.; Murrieri, P.; Siegwart, R. Design and Control of an Indoor Micro Quadrotor. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’04), New Orleans, LA, USA, 26 April–1 May (2004); Volume 5, pp. 4393–4398.
21. Yan, X.; Chen, R.; Lou, B.; Xie, Y.; Xie, A.; Zhang, D. Study on Control Strategy for Tilt-rotor Aircraft Conversion Procedure. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. (2021), 1924, 012010.
22. Jeong, J.; Yoon, S.; Kim, S.; Suk, J. Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Single Tilt-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Kissimmee, FL, USA, 5–9 January (2015); p. 1804.
23. Maza, I.; Caballero, F.; Capitán, J.; Martínez-De-Dios, J.R.; Ollero, A. Experimental Results in Multi-UAV Coordination for Disaster Management and Civil Security Applications. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. (2010), 61, 563–585.
24. Papachristos, C.; Alexis, K.; Tzes, A. Design and experimental attitude control of an unmanned Tilt-Rotor aerial vehicle. In Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR), Tallinn, Estonia, 20–23 June 2011; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, (2011); pp. 465–470.
25. Saeed, A.S.; Younes, A.B.; Islam, S.; Dias, J.; Seneviratne, L.; Cai, G. A review on the platform design, dynamic modeling and control of hybrid UAVs. In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS), Denver, CO, USA, 9–12 June (2015); pp. 806–815.
26. Liu, Z.; He, Y.; Yang, L.; Han, J. Control techniques of tilt rotor unmanned aerial vehicle systems: A review. Chin. J. Aeronaut. (2017), 30, 135–148.
27. Elijah, T.; Jamisola, R.S.; Tjiparuro, Z.; Namoshe, M. A review on control and maneuvering of cooperative fixed-wing drones. Int. J. Dyn. Control (2021), 9, 1332–1349.
28. Saeed, A.S.; Younes, A.B.; Cai, C.; Cai, G. A survey of hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. (2018), 98, 91–105.
29. Chen, C.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, D.; Shen, L. Control and flight test of a tilt-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. (2017), 14.
30. Bin Junaid, A.; Sanchez, A.D.D.C.; Bosch, J.B.; Vitzilaios, N.; Zweiri, Y. Design and Implementation of a Dual-Axis Tilting Quadcopter. Robotics (2018), 7, 65.
31. Aggarwal, S., Kumar, N.: Path planning techniques for unmanned aerial vehicles: a review, solutions, and challenges. Comput. Commun., 270–99 (2020).
32. Lee, D., & Ha, C.: Mechanics and control of quadrotors for tool operation. In: Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 177–184 (2012).
33. Bryson, M., & Sukkarieh, S.: A comparison of feature and posebased mapping using vision, inertial and GPS on a UAV. In 2011 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, 4256– 4262 (2011).
34. Hemakumara, P.; Sukkarieh, S.: Learning uav stability and control derivatives using gaussian processes. IEEE Trans. Rob. 29(4), 813–824 (2013).
35. Hara, N.; Tanaka, K.; Ohtake, H.; Wang, H.O.: Development of a flying robot with a pantograph-based variable wing mechanism. IEEE Trans. Rob. 25(1), 79–87 (2009).
Published
2023-12-13
How to Cite
Ram Rohit V, Harishchandra Astagi, Chandrashekar, K Satya Narayana Reddy, Hareesha M, Prakash H. R, & Srinivasa K.V. (2023). Design, Analysis, And Simulation Of The Hybrid Tri-Copter VTOL Tilt-Rotor UAV. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(4), 507 - 521. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v24i4.1345
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