Therapeutic Impact of Spirulina platensis on Protein Alterations in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic metabolic condition largely defined by hyperglycemia and related protein modifications that lead to systemic consequences. This study sought to examine the therapeutic potential of Spirulina platensis (SP), a cyanobacterium recognised for its antioxidant and hypoglycemic attributes, in alleviating protein modifications caused by hyperglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic Swiss albino mice. The experimental mice were categorised into four experimental groups: non-diabetic control, diabetic control, diabetic mice administered SP at a dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight, and non-diabetic mice administered SP. The treatment of SP resulted in a substantial drop in fasting blood glucose levels, declining from 292.33 ± 3.50 mg/dL to 121.17 ± 2.13 mg/dL over a 21 days duration. Moreover, SP supplementation markedly elevated plasma protein levels, rising from 4.72 ± 0.79 g/dL to 6.15 ± 0.53 g/dL. Electrophoretic examination of blood serum proteins demonstrated the restoration of protein band patterns, specifically the anodic proteins with molecular masses of 30.55 ± 0.31 kDa and 57.15 ± 0.26 kDa, which were markedly diminished in diabetic animals. The findings indicate that SP has advantageous effects by reducing protein changes caused by hyperglycemia, normalising glucose metabolism, and mitigating diabetic complications, thus underscoring its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic agent in diabetes mellitus management.