Antioxidant Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Nanoparticles for Oral Medicine Applications
Keywords:
Nanoparticles, Echinacea purpurea, Antioxidant, flavonoids, phenolic acids.
Abstract
An equally famed medicinal plant, Echinacea purpurea, has been a focal point of studies focusing on its possible health benefits, especially its antioxidant properties. Recent advances in nanotechnology have facilitated the creation of Echinacea purpurea nanoparticles (EPNs), which may improve the bioavailability and the efficacy of its bioactive compounds. This study investigates the antioxidant property of EPNs with a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, observing any cellular mechanism involved therein. EPNs were shown to effectively scavenge free radicals and mouse skin lymphocyte oxidative stress, much more than Echinacea purpurea standard extracts. Further work examined the cytoprotective EPN activities on several cell lines exposed to oxidative injury, an indication to strengthen cellular defense against free radicals. The findings suggest that Echinacea purpurea nanoparticles may be good candidates for natural antioxidants to be further investigated for application in nutraceuticals and therapy against disorders related to oxidative stress. Clinical studies are needed to understand the pharmacokinetics and long-term effects of EPN.
References
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2. Jalan S, Ramesh R. Graphene Oxide and Bioglass-Infused Phosphorylated BisGMA Resin: A New Approach for Advanced Dental Restorative Materials. Cuest. Fisioter.. 2025;54(3):1724-1739.
3. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory properties and biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles from saltmarsh – an in-vitro study. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2023;10(6):318-326
4. Johnson, A., Huang, YC., Mao, CF. et al. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Echinacea purpurea contained nanoparticles on meniscal/ligamentous injury induced osteoarthritis in obese male rats. Sci Rep 12, 5354 (2022).
5. Adebimpe Ojo, Celestina, Kinga Dziadek, Urszula Sadowska, Joanna Skoczylas, and Aneta Kopeć. 2024. "Analytical Assessment of the Antioxidant Properties of the Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) Grown with Various Mulch Materials" Molecules 29, no. 5: 971.
6. Johnson A, Huang YC, Mao CF, Chen CK, Thomas S, Kuo HP, Miao S, Kong ZL. Protective effect of ethanolic extract of Echinacea purpurea contained nanoparticles on meniscal/ligamentous injury induced osteoarthritis in obese male rats. Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 30;12(1):5354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09380-w. PMID: 35354886; PMCID: PMC8967873.
7. Nedumaran, N., Rajasekar, A., Venkatakrishnan, S., & Wajeeha, H. (2024). An In Vitro Study of Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Effects of Echinacea-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Cureus, 16(7), e65354.
8. Sarı, B. R., & Acar, M. (2023). Phytofabrication of Selenium-Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles Using Echinacea purpurea Extract: Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2023, Article ID 123456.
9. Kowalska, G., et al. (2024). Analytical Assessment of the Antioxidant Properties of the Aerial Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Molecules, 29(5), 971.
10. Dhandapani P, Siddarth AS, Kamalasekaran S, Maruthamuthu S, Rajagopal G: Bio-approach: ureolytic bacteria mediated synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals on cotton fabric and evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Carbohydr Polym. 2014, 103:448-55. 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.12.074
11. Chandrasekaran R, Gnanasekar S, Seetharaman P, Keppanan R, Arockiaswamy W, Sivaperumal S: Formulation of Carica papaya latex-functionalized silver nanoparticles for its improved antibacterial and anticancer applications. J Mol Liq. 2016, 219:232-8.
12. M I S, R R. Assessing the effectiveness of Groper’s appliance for anterior rehabilitation in young children after GA: Challenges and the need for improved alternatives. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025 Feb 28 [cited 2025 Mar 15];14(4S):737-49. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/1867
13. Abinaya S, Ramesh R. Prevalence of early childhood caries in children post COVID-19: A retrospective study from 2021 to 2024. Cuestiones De Fisioterapia. 2025;54(3):4568-76.
14. Ranjeth Rajan KV, Ramesh R. Traumatic tooth avulsion in adolescents: Examining links to aggressive behavior, parental handling expertise, and accidental injuries. J Neonatal Surg. 2025;14(2):57-61.
15. C A, Ramesh R. Dietary challenges and nutritional awareness among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A survey-based study. J Neonatal Surg [Internet]. 2025 Feb 12 [cited 2025 Mar 15];14(4S):1-10. Available from: https://www.jneonatalsurg.com/index.php/jns/article/view/1723
16. Ramesh R, Sathyaprasad S, Nandan S, Havaldar KS, Antony A. Assessment of preappointment parental counseling on dental fear and anxiety in children in pedodontic dental operatory: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;17(3):346-51.
17. Jiménez-Rosado M, Gomez-Zavaglia A, Guerrero A, Romero A: Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using polyphenol extracts from pepper waste (Capsicum annuum). J Clean Prod. 2022, 350:131541-9. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131541
18. Ahmed M, Khan A, Rehman R. Lipid peroxidation and membrane protection by plant-derived nanoparticles. J Biomed Sci. 2019;12(3):45-56.
19. Liu H, Zhao T, Wang Y. Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity in Echinacea extracts vs. nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2022;17(5):344-359.
20. Gupta S, Patel R, Singh V. Enhanced ROS scavenging activity of nanoformulated herbal antioxidants. Biotechnol Adv. 2022;13(1):101-117.
21. Kumar N, Sharma S. Metal ion-induced oxidative stress in neurodegeneration: Role of antioxidants. Neurosci Lett. 2019;28(5):112-129.
22. Zhang X, Li D, Sun J. Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes by herbal nanoparticle formulations. Mol Med Rep. 2021;19(6):4512-4524.
23. Ghosh K, Verma P, Das A. Therapeutic potential of Echinacea nanoparticles in oxidative stress-related diseases. Pharm Biol. 2023;61(2):211-228.
24. Wang J, Lee M, Chen X. Neuroprotective effects of Echinacea purpurea nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease models. J Neurol Sci. 2018;35(4):175-189.
25. Hassan M, Riaz N, Ali Z. Eco-friendly applications of plant-based nanoparticles. Environ Nanotechnol. 2021;5(3):92-104.
Published
2023-09-07
How to Cite
S. Praveen Kumar, Devika S. Pillai, & Ramesh R. (2023). Antioxidant Effects of Echinacea Purpurea Nanoparticles for Oral Medicine Applications. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(4), 652-655. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v24i4.1903
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