Traditional vs. Modern Extraction Methods: Evaluating Cold Maceration and Microwave-Assisted Techniques for Delonix regia Leaves and Flowers
Keywords:
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Abstract
Delonix regia Linn., traditionally used for treating multiple ailments, is rich in pharmacologically active phytochemicals. This study compared cold maceration and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods using solvents of different polarities (methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, and water) to obtain extracts from leaves and flowers collected from Nashik district, India. Extracts were analyzed for phytochemical composition and efficiency of extraction. Results demonstrated that MAE significantly reduced extraction time, yielded higher purity extracts, and provided better recovery compared to conventional cold maceration. However, MAE showed limitations in handling thermolabile compounds. The findings highlight the importance of selecting extraction techniques based on the stability of phytoconstituents.
References
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2. Singh, S., Kumar, S. N., & Nidhi. (2014). Introduction to genus Delonix regia: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 2042–2055.
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18. Deepa, B. (2011). Larvicidal activity of the flowers of Delonix regia Rafin. against the teak defoliator Hyblaea puera Cramer. Current Biotica, 5(2), 237–240.
19. Lozano, Y. F. (2010). Optimization of anthocyanin, flavonol, and phenolic acid extraction from Delonix regia tree flowers using ultrasound-assisted water extraction. Industrial Crops and Products, 32(3), 439–444.
20. Gowda, N. A. N. (2022). Ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction, GC-MS characterization and microbial potential of freeze-dried Lantana camera flowers. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 16(1), 7465.
21. Akhtar, I. (2019). Microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals: An efficient and modern approach for botanicals and pharmaceuticals. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32, 223–230.
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23. Chakraborty, S. (2016). Preliminary phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of Delonix regia Rafin. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5, 1448–1456.
24. Pulipati, S., & Rao, U. S. (2015). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial efficacy of Amaranthus tricolor methanolic leaf extract against clinical isolates of urinary tract pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(18), 1381–1385.
25. Yadao, N., et al. (2015). Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitor property, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata, Delonix regia, and Vinca rosea Linn: An in vitro study. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5, 18–27.
26. Rahmatullah, M., et al. (2011). Effect of Delonix regia leaf extract on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8, 34–36.
27. Salem, M. Z. M. (2013). Evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of stem bark extracts of Delonix regia and Erythrina humeana grown in Egypt. Journal of Forest Products and Industries, 2(2), 48–52.
28. Lozano, Y. F. (2012). Phenolic acid and flavonol water extracts of Delonix regia red flowers. Industrial Crops and Products, 37, 303–310.
29. Silva, C. A. R. C. (2021). Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and tannins from Syzygium cumini leaves through an experimental design coupled to a desirability approach. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 93(2), e2020190.
30. Modi, A. (2016). Delonix regia: Historic perspectives and modern phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 14(1), 31–39.
31. Khursheed, R. (2016). Comprehensive standardization and assessment of behavioural core in rodents of ethanolic extract of floral part of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2, 80–88.
32. Dharajiya, D. (2017). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 2152–2162.
2. Singh, S., Kumar, S. N., & Nidhi. (2014). Introduction to genus Delonix regia: A review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3, 2042–2055.
3. Hussain, M. (2014). In vitro comparative study of antimicrobial activity of whole plant and root bark of Delonix regia. International Journal of Pharma Sciences, 4, 736–741.
4. Gautam, S. S. (2020). In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of fraction of Delonix regia leaf extract. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(11), 2961–2970.
5. Chhabra, D. (2015). Fortification of curd using Delonix regia flower petal extract and estimation of its phytochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(3), 299–307.
6. Saroj, P. (2022). Delonix regia (Gulmohar): Its ethnobotanical knowledge, phytochemical studies, pharmacological aspects, and future prospects. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 10, 2320–2882.
7. Wikipedia. (2023). Delonix regia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delonix_regia
8. Deepa, B., & Remadev, O. K. (2011). Larvicidal activity of the flowers of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Rafin. (Fabales: Fabaceae) against the teak defoliator Hyblaea puera Cramer. Current Biotica, 5(2), 237–240.
9. Suhane, N. (2016). Gulmohar an ornamental plant with medicinal uses. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 5(6), 245–248.
10. Modi, A. (2016). Delonix regia: Historic perspective and modern phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 14(1), 31–39.
11. El-Gizawy, H. A. (2018). Pharmacognostical and biological studies of Delonix regia growing in Egypt: HPLC profiles. Pharmacognosy Communications, 8(3), 125–131.
12. Shabir, G. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes and phenolics of different solvent extracts from leaves, flowers, and bark of Gold Mohar (Delonix regia). Molecules, 16(7), 7302–7319. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16097302
13. Kumar, V. (2016). Delonix regia: Historic perspectives and modern phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 14(1), 31–39.
14. Chandrawat, P. (2017). Ethnopharmacological screening of some selected medicinal plants. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 6(5), 32–41.
15. Anwar, F., & Ashrafuzzaman, M. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial attributes and phenolics of different solvent extracts from leaves and flowers of Gold Mohar. Molecules, 16(7), 7302–7319.
16. Ezzat, S. M. (2011). Hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities of Delonix regia flowers extracts. Accelerating the World’s Research, 3(19), 49.
17. Hussain, M. (2014). In vitro comparative study of antimicrobacterial activity of whole plant and root’s bark of Delonix regia. International Journal of Pharma Sciences, 4, 736–741.
18. Deepa, B. (2011). Larvicidal activity of the flowers of Delonix regia Rafin. against the teak defoliator Hyblaea puera Cramer. Current Biotica, 5(2), 237–240.
19. Lozano, Y. F. (2010). Optimization of anthocyanin, flavonol, and phenolic acid extraction from Delonix regia tree flowers using ultrasound-assisted water extraction. Industrial Crops and Products, 32(3), 439–444.
20. Gowda, N. A. N. (2022). Ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extraction, GC-MS characterization and microbial potential of freeze-dried Lantana camera flowers. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 16(1), 7465.
21. Akhtar, I. (2019). Microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemicals: An efficient and modern approach for botanicals and pharmaceuticals. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 32, 223–230.
22. Routray, W., & Orsat, V. (2012). Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5, 409–424.
23. Chakraborty, S. (2016). Preliminary phytochemical investigation and in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extract of Delonix regia Rafin. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5, 1448–1456.
24. Pulipati, S., & Rao, U. S. (2015). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial efficacy of Amaranthus tricolor methanolic leaf extract against clinical isolates of urinary tract pathogens. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(18), 1381–1385.
25. Yadao, N., et al. (2015). Carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitor property, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Cassia auriculata, Delonix regia, and Vinca rosea Linn: An in vitro study. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5, 18–27.
26. Rahmatullah, M., et al. (2011). Effect of Delonix regia leaf extract on glucose tolerance in glucose-induced hyperglycemic mice. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8, 34–36.
27. Salem, M. Z. M. (2013). Evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of stem bark extracts of Delonix regia and Erythrina humeana grown in Egypt. Journal of Forest Products and Industries, 2(2), 48–52.
28. Lozano, Y. F. (2012). Phenolic acid and flavonol water extracts of Delonix regia red flowers. Industrial Crops and Products, 37, 303–310.
29. Silva, C. A. R. C. (2021). Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols and tannins from Syzygium cumini leaves through an experimental design coupled to a desirability approach. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 93(2), e2020190.
30. Modi, A. (2016). Delonix regia: Historic perspectives and modern phytochemical and pharmacological researches. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 14(1), 31–39.
31. Khursheed, R. (2016). Comprehensive standardization and assessment of behavioural core in rodents of ethanolic extract of floral part of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. International Journal of New Technology and Research, 2, 80–88.
32. Dharajiya, D. (2017). Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 2152–2162.
Published
2024-03-06
How to Cite
AmrutaValmik Bhingare, & Vinod Ashok Bairagi. (2024). Traditional vs. Modern Extraction Methods: Evaluating Cold Maceration and Microwave-Assisted Techniques for Delonix regia Leaves and Flowers. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1), 4484-4492. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1.2318
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