Green Synthesis Of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles With Antimicrobial Potential Using Leaf Extract Of Tamarindus Indica
Abstract
Background: The development of sustainable, eco-friendly protocols for the fabrication of inorganic nanomaterials is a primary objective in modern nanobiotechnology. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) possess remarkable biocompatibility and therapeutic potential, yet their conventional synthesis often relies on toxic and energy-intensive processes. This study investigates the biogenic synthesis of MgONPs utilizing the aqueous leaf extract of Tamarindus indica as a dual-functional reducing and capping agent.
Methods: The phytosynthesized nanoparticles (Ti-MgONPs) were comprehensively characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The biological efficacy of the Ti-MgONPs was evaluated through in vitro antimicrobial assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, DPPH free radical scavenging, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein denaturation assays.
Results: UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the bioreduction with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 284 nm. FTIR analysis identified the active participation of plant-derived polyphenols and flavonoids in capping the nanoparticles, alongside the confirmation of the Mg–O lattice at 545 cm⁻¹. XRD and HR-TEM analyses revealed highly pure, face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structures with an average size ranging from 18 to 28 nm. The Ti-MgONPs demonstrated potent, dose-dependent broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, exhibiting maximum efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the nanoparticles displayed significant in vitro antioxidant activity (74.5% DPPH scavenging at 100 µg/mL) and substantial anti-inflammatory potential (68.4% inhibition of protein denaturation at 100 µg/mL).
Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of Tamarindus indica serves as a highly efficient, green, and sustainable medium for synthesizing physically stable and biologically active MgONPs. The multifaceted antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of these biogenic nanoparticles underscore their substantial promise for integration into advanced biomedical and therapeutic applications.
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