Evaluating the Protective Potential of Nano L-Carnitine on the Gonadal Pathway in Lead Acetate-Exposed Male Rats
Abstract
The goal of the research was to find out whether L-Carnitine (LC) and Nano L-Carnitine (NLC) could protect against the testicular toxicity brought on by lead acetate (PbAc). By encasing LC in Chitosan (CS) - tripolyphosphate (TPP) - based NPs, they created LC nanoparticles (NPs). Each of the experiment has divided into six Teams; there are ten adult male Wistar albino rats. The first Team functioned as the controlling Team and received distilled water that was provided orally. The second Team was given 30 mg/kg of lead acetate (LA) orally once daily for 30 days. In the third Team, oral doses of LC (100 mg/kg body mass/day for two months) and LA (30 mg/kg body mass for 30 days) were given. The fourth Team was given oral doses of LA (for 30 days at 30 mg/kg body mass) and NLC (for 2 months at 100 mg/kg body mass/day). LC was administered orally to the fifth Team twice daily for 2 months an amount of 100 mg/kg body mass. The sixth Team ingested 100 mg/kg of LC -NPs twice each day for two months. The finding indicated that the levels of testosterone hormones were noticeably greater in the LA+ NLC Team compared to the LA Team. The LA+ NLC Team also showed lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations in comparison to the LA Team. Additionally, when compared to Team two (LA), Team three (LA+ LC) and four (LA+ NLC) both significantly increased the percentage of Sperm motility and count. The Sperm motility and count gains in Team four were more pronounced. Additionally, compared to Team two (lead acetate), there was a significantly lower incidence of stale sperm and aberrant morphology in Teams 3 and 4. The testes' histopathology revealed significant alterations, including the germinal epithelium's severe degeneration and sloughing, the basement membrane's disorganization, the seminiferous tubule lumens were empty of spermatids, and there was vacuolization with few spermatogonia in the lumens, along with atrophy and irregularity. However, in the treated Team, these harmful alterations decreased or vanished. Overall, the research showed that giving male rats LC and NLC prevented the harmful effects of LA on their testicles. The treated Team demonstrated improvements in testicular histopathological damage, sperm count, motility, and morphology, as well as testosterone hormone levels.
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