Zinc intake and Fecal Excretion in Pigs: Examining the Relationship between Dietary Content and Absorption

  • Renuka Jyothi R Assistant Professor, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, Bangalore, India
  • Mehek Manzoor Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Assam down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
  • Md Imraj Zaman Assistant Professor, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Keywords: Zinc (Zn), excretion, dietary, antibiotics, weaned pigs (WP)

Abstract

Pigs that consume too much Zinc (Zn) excrete it through their faeces, which is bad for the environment. Laying pig manure out with elevated Zn content can reduce soil fertility and help microbes in the soil develop genes for resistance to antibiotics. In this study, WP (weaned pigs) will be examined to determine the relationship among day Zn Consumption and excretion. We will also assess how dietary Zn concentration affects Zn excretion across a range of weight categories. The technique of connection among everyday Zn excretion and Zn consumption was created using a meta-regression study of 10 published investigations with pigs that were weaned over the initial 6 weeks PW. A framework for Zn Consumption at particular amounts over the initial two weeks PW was created using experimental information from 179 newly WP given six different nutritional Zn concentrations. Using both models to determine daily Zn outflow for various food levels of Zn throughout the initial two weeks PW. The use of an improved published model to determine total Zn outflow via withdrawing to slaughter under various dietary Zn Consumption status. Depending of the composition of additional Zn, Zn consumption increased Zn excretion linearly. During the initial two weeks of PW, daily Zn outflow at 3,000 ppm dietary Zn intended to be 8.0 g/pig. There was a 94% and 36% decrease in daily Zn excretion when dietary Zn level was reduced to 160 ppm or 1,500 ppm, respectively. Under particular dietary Zn concentration status, total Zn output from suckling until slaughter was 31.0 g/pig. Zn excretion was significantly reduced by adjusting dietary Zn concentration across all weight categories. The biggest reduction was attained by lowering the dietary Zn content for pigs weighing 32 to 118 kg from 120 ppm to 60 ppm. According to the study, dietary Zn concentration can be changed to dramatically lower the amount of Zn excreted by pigs. The most significant reduction can be made by lowering the Zn level of the diet for pigs weighing 30 to 110 kg. These results have implications for reducing the environmental harm caused by Zn outflow and should be taken into account when creating plans to control the amount of Zn in pig diets.

References

Ding, H., Zhang, Q., Xu, H., Yu, X., Chen, L., Wang, Z. and Feng, J., 2021. Selection of copper and Zn dosages in pig diets based on the mutual benefit of animal growth and environmental protection. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 216, p.112177.

Oh, H.J., Kim, M.H., Yun, W., Lee, J.H., An, J.S., Kim, Y.J., Kim, M.J., Kim, H.B. and Cho, J.H., 2022. Effect of nano Zn oxide or chelated Zn as alternatives to medical Zn oxide on growth performance, faecal scores, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and faecal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus concentrations in WP. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 21(1), pp.708-716.

Bai, M., Liu, H., Xu, K., Wen, C., Yu, R., Deng, J. and Yin, Y., 2019. Use of coated nano Zn oxide as an additive to improve the Zn excretion and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 97(4), pp.1772-1783.

Cui, Y., Tian, Z., Lu, H., Deng, D., Liu, Z., Rong, T., Yu, M. and Ma, X., 2021. Zn oxide nanoparticles improve gut health and reduce faecal Zn excretion in piglets. Livestock Science, 251, p.104610.

Oh, H.J., Park, Y.J., Cho, J.H., Song, M.H., Gu, B.H., Yun, W., Lee, J.H., An, J.S., Kim, Y.J., Lee, J.S. and Kim, S., 2021. Changes in diarrhea score, nutrient digestibility, Zn utilization, intestinal immune profiles, and fecal microbiome in WP by different forms of Zn. Animals, 11(5), p.1356.

Szuba-Trznadel, A., Rząsa, A., Hikawczuk, T. and Fuchs, B., 2021. Effect of Zn source and level on growth performance and Zn status of WP. Animals, 11(7), p.2030.

Christensen, B., Zhu, C., Mohammadigheisar, M., Schulze, H., Huber, L.A. and Kiarie, E.G., 2022. Growth performance, immune status, gastrointestinal tract ecology, and function in nursery pigs fed enzymatically treated yeast without or with pharmacological levels of Zn. Journal of Animal Science, 100(4), p.skac094.

Ma, X., Qian, M., Yang, Z., Xu, T. and Han, X., 2021. Effects of Zn sources and levels on growth performance, Zn status, expressions of Zn transporters, and Zn bioavailability in WP. Animals, 11(9), p.2515.

Kociova, S., Dolezelikova, K., Horky, P., Skalickova, S., Baholet, D., Bozdechova, L., Vaclavkova, E., Belkova, J., Nevrkla, P., Skladanka, J. and Do, T., 2020. Zn phosphate-based nanoparticles as alternatives to Zn oxide in diet of WP. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 11(1), pp.1-16.

Zhang, G., Xia, T., Zhao, J., Liu, L., He, P., Zhang, S. and Zhang, L., 2020. Moderate tetrabasic Zn chloride supplementation improves growth performance and reduces diarrhea incidence in WP. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(2), p.264.

Wang, H., Yu, S.J. and Kim, I.H., 2023. Evaluation on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Faecal Microbiota, Noxious Gas Emission, and Faecal Score on Weaning Pigs Supplement with and without Probiotics Complex Supplementation in Different Level of Zn Oxide. Animals, 13(3), p.381.

Pei, X., Xiao, Z., Liu, L., Wang, G., Tao, W., Wang, M., Zou, J. and Leng, D., 2019. Effects of dietary Zn oxide nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, Zn status, intestinal morphology, microflora population, and immune response in WP. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99(3), pp.1366-1374.

Ni, H.J., Liu, F.F., Liang, X., Yin, Y.L. and Liu, G., 2020. The role of Zn chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine in cadmium toxicity: effects on cadmium absorption on intestinal health in piglets. animal, 14(7), pp.1382-1391.

Kondaiah, P., Yaduvanshi, P.S., Sharp, P.A. and Pullakhandam, R., 2019. Iron and Zn homeostasis and interactions: does enteric Zn excretion cross-talk with intestinal iron absorption?. Nutrients, 11(8), p.1885.

Jiao, Y., Li, X. and Kim, I.H., 2020. Changes in growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune blood profiles, fecal microbial and fecal gas emission of growing pigs in response to Zn aspartic acid chelate. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 33(4), p.597.

Villagómez‐Estrada, S., Pérez, J.F., van Kuijk, S., Melo‐Durán, D., Karimirad, R. and Solà‐Oriol, D., 2021. Effects of two Zn supplementation levels and two Zn and copper sources with different solubility characteristics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of growing‐finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 105(1), pp.59-71.

Ding, H., Zhang, Q., Xu, H., Yu, X., Chen, L., Wang, Z. and Feng, J., 2021. Selection of copper and Zn dosages in pig diets based on the mutual benefit of animal growth and environmental protection. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 216, p.112177.

Yusof, H.M., Mohamad, R., Zaidan, U.H. and Samsudin, A.A., 2023. Influence of dietary biosynthesized Zn oxide nanoparticles on broiler Zn uptake, bone quality, and antioxidative status. Animals, 13(1), p.115.

Correa, F., Luise, D., Castillo, M., Peris, S., Palomo-Yague, A., Bosi, P. and Trevisi, P., 2021. Effect of dietary supplementation with a blend of protected aromatic compounds, including benzoic acid, on growth performance and faecal microbial profile of WP as an alternative to Zn Oxide. Livestock Science, 246, p.104455.

Oh, H.J., Kim, M.H., Yun, W., Lee, J.H., An, J.S., Kim, Y.J., Kim, M.J., Kim, H.B. and Cho, J.H., 2022. Effect of nano Zn oxide or chelated Zn as alternatives to medical Zn oxide on growth performance, faecal scores, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and faecal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus concentrations in WP. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 21(1), pp.708-716.

Published
2023-07-01
How to Cite
Renuka Jyothi R, Mehek Manzoor, & Md Imraj Zaman. (2023). Zinc intake and Fecal Excretion in Pigs: Examining the Relationship between Dietary Content and Absorption. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(2), 378 - 387. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/354
Section
Articles