Improving Diagnostic Precision for Cow Hypodermosis via Analysis of Medical, Abnormal, and Serologic Observations: A Critical Study
Abstract
In the current investigation, 400 animals of various ages, genders, along with local and hybrid breeds were assessed by manual skin palpation. Venous blood samples were collected for serological testing using indirect ELISA. The frequency was 18.5% and by serology, it was 12.5%. By medical testing, 75 cattle (18.5%) tested positive; nevertheless, 15 animals (3.75%) tested sero-positive by indirect-ELISA. As for the season component, the largest sero-prevalence was found in December (36%), whereas a greater increase in warble invasions was recorded in April (66%). In relation to the age factor, lower-year cattle (1-2 years) had higher clinical incidence rates of hypodermosis (59%); higher-year cattle (>5 years) had higher serological incidence rates (93.2%). Based on the sex factor, females had a larger (P>0.05) infestation of warbles (19.8%) than males, according to clinical and serological tests. When it comes to the breed factor, the clinical examination showed that local breeds had a higher morbidity rate of infestation (63%) compared to cross breeds (31%); when it came to serology, both local breeds (36%) and cross breeds (68%), had high levels of specific anti-hypodermosis immunoglobulin with no significant distinction (P≤0.05).
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