Assessment of Cardiac Stress-Related Reactions in Lactating and Non-Lactating Milking Cows: A Heart Rate Analysis
Abstract
The manufacturing of dairy products and milk is mostly dependent on dairy farming, with lactating (LACT) cows constituting a major contributor to this industry. Nonetheless, the physiological strain that these cows endure during the milking process is a little-studied facet of dairy farming. This research uses a thorough examination of heart rate (HR) patterns to look into the reactions associated with cardiac stress in milking cows, both lactating (LACT) and non-lactating (N-LACT). To observe cardiovascular effects of palpation per rectum (PPR) in LACT (n = 14) and N-LACT (n = 16) milking cows, we assessed parasympathetic HR variation (HRV) and HR characteristics in the current investigation. HR and HRV were monitored for 60–180 minutes before and after PPR. AUC was determined for LACT and N-LACT cows' HR and HRV specifications to compare heart reactions during PPR. AUC metrics were equal between LACT and N-LACT cows during PPR, whereas HR increased immediately. HR increased in both groups as well as the High Frequency Component (HFC) and Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) decreased While PPR is in progress, indicating a rise in sympathetic and a fall in parasympathetic autonomic nervous system tone. RMSSD increased quickly after PPR, indicating fast parasympathetic activity, which decreased 15 min later. The maximal RMSSD, HF and amplitude values were larger in N-LACT cows compared to LACT cows, indicating that N-LACT cows have a higher short-term cardiac reactivity. However, the examination of AUC parameters showed that the stress reaction was larger and lasted longer in LACT cows. The reaction of cows to PPR was higher significant in parasympathetic HRV than HR. According to our findings, PPR can affect dairy cows' cardiac stress responses, which could affect animal welfare. Studying lactation's effect on cardiac stress reactions can help model bovine stress sensitivity.
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