Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk in Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Investigation
Abstract
Chronic metabolic disease known as diabetes mellitus is becoming more and more common, which presents a worldwide health concern. As possible supplements to conventional treatments, complementary and standard treatments are receiving more attention. Due to its distinct composition and stated health advantages, camel milk has emerged as one of the most promising approaches. There is a conflict regarding how consuming camel milk (CM) affects glycemic control in diabetic people. This systematic review was carried out to compile data on how CM consumption affected glucose homeostasis markers in individuals, the two forms of diabetes mellitus. Tests were performed on the following parameters: insulin resistance levels, insulin dosage (ID) obtained serum insulin antibody (IA), “fasting blood glucose” (FBG), “postprandial glucose” (PPG) and fasting serum insulin (FI). FBG can regulate blood sugar, after an extended period without food intake. PPG refers to the term of glucose in the bloodstream after consuming a meal; it is a crucial aspect of glucose metabolism. Meanwhile, camel milk is becoming more and more popular as a possible natural insulin replacement due to the presence of special proteins that share fundamental similarities with human insulin. One-way ANOVA was used to detect camel milk. Of the 450 articles gathered, sub-group analysis was deemed suitable for inclusion. The ability to reduce HbA1c was helpful for fresh and processed CM. In conclusion, long-term CM usage by diabetic patients can be a helpful adjuvant therapy in addition to traditional medicine, particularly in reducing the needed dose of insulin and HbA1c. Interference variables were included in the examined publications because of the significant level of heterogeneity seen in the included research.
References
Hammam, A. R. (2019). Compositional and therapeutic properties of camel milk: a review. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 148-152.https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i3.1919
Izadi, A., Khedmat, L., &Mojtahedi, S. Y. (2019). Nutritional and therapeutic perspectives of camel milk and its protein hydrolysates: A review on versatile biofunctional properties. Journal of Functional Foods, 60, 103441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.103441
Alharbi, Y. M., Sakr, S. S., Albarrak, S. M., Almundarij, T. I., Barakat, H., & Hassan, M. F. (2022). Antioxidative, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic properties of probiotic-enriched fermented camel milk combined with Salvia officinalis leaves hydroalcoholic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Antioxidants, 11(4), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040668
Hassani, M. I., Saikia, D., &Walia, A. (2022). Nutritional and therapeutic value of camel milk. IJAR, 8(4), 01-05. https://doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2022.v8.i4a.9614
Ashraf, A., Mudgil, P., Palakkott, A., Iratni, R., Gan, C. Y., Maqsood, S., &Ayoub, M. A. (2021). Molecular basis of the anti-diabetic properties of camel milk through profiling of its bioactive peptides on dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and insulin receptor activity. Journal of dairy science, 104(1), 61-77. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-18627
Behrouz, S., Saadat, S., Memarzia, A., Sarir, H., Folkerts, G., &Boskabady, M. H. (2022). The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of camel milk. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 855342. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.855342
Muthukumaran, M. S., Mudgil, P., Baba, W. N., Ayoub, M. A., &Maqsood, S. (2023). A comprehensive review on health benefits, nutritional composition and processed products of camel milk. Food Reviews International, 39(6), 3080-3116. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2021.2008953
Fallah, Z., Ejtahed, H. S., Mirmiran, P., Naslaji, A. N., Movahedi, A. M., &Azizi, F. (2020). Effect of camel milk on glycaemic control and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: Randomised controlled clinical trial. International Dairy Journal, 101, 104568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104568
Ayoub, M. A., Yap, P. G., Mudgil, P., Khan, F. B., Anwar, I., Muhammad, K., ...&Maqsood, S. (2023). Camel Milk-Derived Bioactive Peptides and Diabetes: Molecular View and Perspectives. Journal of Dairy Science. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-23733
Swelum, A. A., El-Saadony, M. T., Abdo, M., Ombarak, R. A., Hussein, E. O., Suliman, G., ...&Abd El-Hack, M. E. (2021). Nutritional, antimicrobial and medicinal properties of Camel’s milk: A review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(5), 3126-3136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.057
Ghazzawi, H. (2020). Health-Improving and Disease-Preventing Potential of Camel Milk Against Chronic Diseases and Autism: Camel Milk and Chronic Diseases. In Handbook of Research on Health and Environmental Benefits of Camel Products (pp. 155-184). IGI Global. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1604-1.ch008
Redha, A. A., Valizadenia, H., Siddiqui, S. A., &Maqsood, S. (2022). A state-of-art review on camel milk proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides with diverse nutraceutical properties. Food Chemistry, 373, 131444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131444
Khan, F. B., Ansari, M. A., Uddin, S., Palakott, A. R., Anwar, I., Almatroudi, A., ...&Ayoub, M. A. (2022). Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective. Life, 12(7), 990. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070990
Alhaj, O. A. (2020). Exploring potential therapeutic properties of camel milk. In Handbook of research on health and environmental benefits of camel products (pp. 123-154). IGI Global.DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1604-1.ch007
Aqib, A. I., Kulyar, M. F. E. A., Ashfaq, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Shoaib, M., & Ahmed, R. (2019). Camel milk insuline: Pathophysiological and molecular repository. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 88, 497-504.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.04.009
Arain, M. A., Khaskheli, G. B., Shah, A. H., Marghazani, I. B., Barham, G. S., Shah, Q. A., ... &Fazlani, S. A. (2023). Nutritional significance and promising therapeutic/medicinal application of camel milk as a functional food in human and animals: A comprehensive review. Animal Biotechnology, 34(6), 1988-2005.https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2022.2059490
Anwar, I., Khan, F. B., Maqsood, S., &Ayoub, M. A. (2022). Camel milk targeting insulin receptor—toward understanding the antidiabetic effects of camel milk. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 819278.https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.819278
El-Kattawy, A. M., Algezawy, O., Alfaifi, M. Y., Noseer, E. A., Hawsawi, Y. M., Alzahrani, O. R., ... & El-Magd, M. A. (2021). Therapeutic potential of camel milk exosomes against HepaRG cells with potent apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis effects for colostrum exosomes. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 143, 112220.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112220
Mohammadabadi, T. (2020). Camel milk as an amazing remedy for health complications: a review. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 33(2), 125-137.https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2020.33.2.11
Agrawal, R. P., Agrawal, R., &Ghazzawi, H. A. (2020). Potential anti-diabetic effect of camel milk. In Handbook of Research on health and environmental benefits of camel products (pp. 185-196). IGI Global.DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1604-1.ch009
