Pregnancy Diagnosis: An Essential Factor in Evaluating Farm Breeding Efficiency
Keywords:
Cattle, pregnancy diagnosis-positive rate (PD-PR), buffaloes, conception rate (CR), oestrus
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to assess the organized farm's conception rate (CR) and pregnancy diagnosis-positive rate (PD-PR) to make appropriate management decisions. An analysis was conducted on a one-year record of PD and Artificial Insemination (A.I.) of dairy animals (N=1325, consisting of 298 buffaloes and 1027 cows). Buffaloes and cows were diagnosed with per rectal pregnancy after an average of 73.85 and 74.89 after A.I. The total PD-PR value of cattle is greater than that of buffaloes (71.92% and 62.95%, respectively). Buffaloes have a greater overall CR tendency in comparison to cattle, with rates of 42.65% and 50.29%, respectively. The PD-PR values in buffaloes and cattle were 14.31% and 25.60% lower, respectively, when compared to the farm standard of 85%. During the winter season, cattle and buffaloes exhibited greater PD-PR and CR values, with cattle showing values of 61.50% and 38.08%, respectively and buffaloes showing values of 59.55% and 60.91%, respectively. However, cattle exhibited lower values of PD-PR (70.34%) and CR (23.44%) during rainy seasons, while buffaloes showed lower values of PD-PR (60.25%) and CR (61.84%) during summer seasons. High humidity and heat stress had an essential impact on the development of CR and oestrus symptoms.
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Dahl, M. O., De Vries, A., Maunsell, F. P., Galvao, K. N., Risco, C. A., & Hernandez, J. A. (2018). Epidemiologic and economic analyses of pregnancy loss attributable to mastitis in primiparous Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(11), 10142-10150. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-14619
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Panda, B. S., Mohapatra, S. K., Chaudhary, D., Alhussien, M. N., Kapila, R., & Dang, A. K. (2020). Proteomics and transcriptomics study reveals the utility of ISGs as novel molecules for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 140, 103148. Doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103148
Toledo-Alvarado, H., Vazquez, A. I., de Los Campos, G., Tempelman, R. J., Bittante, G., & Cecchinato, A. (2018). Diagnosing pregnancy status using infrared spectra and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science, 101(3), 2496-2505. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13647
Szenci, O. (2021). Recent possibilities for the diagnosis of early pregnancy and embryonic mortality in dairy cows. Animals, 11(6), 1666. Doi: 10.3390/ani11061666
Reese, S. T., Pereira, M. H. C., Edwards, J. L., Vasconcelos, J. L. M., & Pohler, K. G. (2018). Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle using pregnancy associated glycoprotein concentration in circulation at day 24 of gestation. Theriogenology, 106, 178-185. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.020
Reese, S. T., Pereira, M. H. C., Edwards, J. L., Vasconcelos, J. L. M., & Pohler, K. G. (2018). Pregnancy diagnosis in cattle using pregnancy associated glycoprotein concentration in circulation at day 24 of gestation. Theriogenology, 106, 178-185. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.020
Ott, T. L., Dechow, C., & O’connor, M. L. (2018). Advances in reproductive management: pregnancy diagnosis in ruminants. Animal Reproduction (AR), 11(3), 207-216.
Sallam, S. M., Attia, M. F., El-Din, A. N. N., El-Zarkouny, S. Z., Saber, A. M., El-Zaiat, H. M., & Zeitoun, M. M. (2019). Involvement of Quebracho tannins in dietáalters productive and reproductive efficiency of postpartum buffalo cows. Animal Nutrition, 5(1), 80-86. Doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.08.003
Baruselli, P. S., Ferreira, R. M., Colli, M. H. A., Elliff, F. M., Sá Filho, M. F., Vieira, L., & de Freitas, B. G. (2018). Timed artificial insemination: current challenges and recent advances in reproductive efficiency in beef and dairy herds in Brazil. Animal Reproduction (AR), 14(3), 558-571. Doi: 10.21451/1984-3143-AR999
Romano, J. E., Pinedo, P., Bryan, K., Ramos, R. S., Solano, K. G., Merchan, D., & Velez, J. (2017). Comparison between allantochorion membrane and amniotic sac detection by per rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis on pregnancy loss, calving rates, and abnormalities in newborn calves. Theriogenology, 90, 219-227. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.11.004
Doğan, A. A., & Köse, A. M. (2022). Evaluation of bovine visual ELISA test for detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 212, 106722. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106722
Yoshino, H., Toji, N., Sasaki, K., Koshi, K., Yamagishi, N., Takahashi, T., ... & Hashizume, K. (2018). A predictive threshold value for the diagnosis of early pregnancy in cows using interferon-stimulated genes in granulocytes. Theriogenology, 107, 188-193. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.014
Fosgate, G. T., Motimele, B., Ganswindt, A., & Irons, P. C. (2017). A Bayesian latent class model to estimate the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis by transrectal ultrasonography and laboratory detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 145, 100-109. Doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.07.004
Dufour, S., Durocher, J., Dubuc, J., Dendukuri, N., Hassan, S., & Buczinski, S. (2017). Bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a milk pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-based ELISA and of transrectal ultrasonographic exam for diagnosis of pregnancy at 28–45 days following breeding in dairy cows. Preventive veterinary medicine, 140, 122-133. Doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.03.008
Arashiro, E. K. N., Ungerfeld, R., Clariget, R. P., Pinto, P. H. N., Balaro, M. F. A., Bragança, G. M., ... & Brandão, F. Z. (2018). Early pregnancy diagnosis in ewes by subjective assessment of luteal vascularisation using colour Doppler ultrasonography. Theriogenology, 106, 247-252. Doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.029
O'Sullivan, M., Butler, S. T., Pierce, K. M., Crowe, M. A., O'Sullivan, K., Fitzgerald, R., & Buckley, F. (2020). Reproductive efficiency and survival of Holstein-Friesian cows of divergent Economic Breeding Index, evaluated under seasonal calving pasture-based management. Journal of dairy science, 103(2), 1685-1700. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-17374
Bruinjé, T. C., & Ambrose, D. J. (2019). Validation of an automated in-line milk progesterone analysis system to diagnose pregnancy in dairy cattle. Journal of dairy science, 102(4), 3615-3621. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15692
Olmo, L., Ashley, K., Young, J. R., Suon, S., Thomson, P. C., Windsor, P. A., & Bush, R. D. (2017). Improving smallholder cattle reproductive efficiency in Cambodia to address expanding regional beef demand. Tropical animal health and production, 49, 163-172. Doi: 10.1007/s11250-016-1175-6
Dahl, M. O., De Vries, A., Maunsell, F. P., Galvao, K. N., Risco, C. A., & Hernandez, J. A. (2018). Epidemiologic and economic analyses of pregnancy loss attributable to mastitis in primiparous Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(11), 10142-10150. Doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-14619
Ortega, M. S., Moraes, J. G., Patterson, D. J., Smith, M. F., Behura, S. K., Poock, S., & Spencer, T. E. (2018). Influences of sire conception rate on pregnancy establishment in dairy cattle. Biology of reproduction, 99(6), 1244-1254. Doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy141
Panda, B. S., Mohapatra, S. K., Chaudhary, D., Alhussien, M. N., Kapila, R., & Dang, A. K. (2020). Proteomics and transcriptomics study reveals the utility of ISGs as novel molecules for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows. Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 140, 103148. Doi: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103148
Published
2024-01-01
How to Cite
V Haripriya, Ankita Agarwal, Sachin Sharma. (2024). Pregnancy Diagnosis: An Essential Factor in Evaluating Farm Breeding Efficiency. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(3), 402-410. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/466
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