Paramphistomosis in Small Ruminants: An Epidemiological Evaluation in Goats and Sheep
Keywords:
Paramphistomosis, goats, sheep, seasons, gender and age, livestock, egg and worm levels
Abstract
A serious parasite disease that affects tiny ruminant species all over the globe is called paramphistomosis, and it is brought on by many kinds of the species Paramphistomum. Employing data from Indian abattoirs and fields, the prevalence of paramphistomosis in goats and sheep has been researched. A paramphistomosis test performed at the abattoir indicated that 31.9% of goats and 37.2% of sheep responded positively. For goats, the worm levels were 24.2M ± 3.6SD, whereas for sheep, they were 26.2M ± 4.6SD. Following a coprological study, paramphistomosis was discovered in 19.7% of goats and 24.3% of sheep. For goats and sheep, respectively, the egg numbers were 8.5M±3.8SD and 9.3M±5.3SD. The frequency of paramphistomosis seems to be significantly influenced by the time of year. In contrast to the summer and winter periods, a greater proportion of livestock screened positive during the rainy and post-rainy times. Seasonal differences in the populations of adult flukes and eggs were statistically significant (p<0.01). The rates of goats and sheep by gender and age that were found were not statistically significant. The study comes to the conclusion that pasture-grazing goats and sheep are particularly vulnerable to paramphistomosis in the late summer. Therefore, it is highly advised that an effective anthelmintic be administered in from March to June and from October to November to prevent infection and minimize long-term financial losses to local animal owners.
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Krasteva, S., Jara, M., Frias-De-Diego, A., & Machado, G. (2020). Nairobi sheep disease virus: a historical and epidemiological perspective. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 419. Doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00419/full
Coffin-Schmitt, J. L., Moore, E. V., McKune, S. L., Mo, R., Nkamwesiga, J., Isingoma, E., ... & Mariner, J. C. (2021). Measurement and sampling error in mixed-methods research for the control of Peste des Petits Ruminants in the Karamoja subregion of Northeastern Uganda: A cautionary tale. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 196, 105464. Doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105464
Bhardwaj, V., Dhungyel, O. P., de Silva, K., Dhand, N. K., & Whittington, R. J. (2022). The role of foot conformation in susceptibility of Merino sheep to footrot. Small Ruminant Research, 217, 106850. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106850
Clemmons, E. A., Alfson, K. J., & Dutton III, J. W. (2021). Transboundary animal diseases, an overview of 17 diseases with potential for global spread and serious consequences. Animals, 11(7), 2039. Doi: 10.3390/ani11072039
Infantes-Lorenzo, J. A., Moreno, I., Roy, A., Risalde, M. A., Balseiro, A., de Juan, L. ...& Domínguez, M. (2019). Specificity of serological test for detection of tuberculosis in cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs under different epidemiological situations. BMC veterinary research, 15(1), 1-8. Doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1814-z
Balamurugan, V., Vinod Kumar, K., Dheeraj, R., Kurli, R., Suresh, K. P., Govindaraj, G. ...& Roy, P. (2021). Temporal and spatial epidemiological analysis of Peste des petits ruminant’s outbreaks from the past 25 years in sheep and goats and its control in India. Viruses, 13(3), 480. Doi: 10.3390/v13030480
Cabezas-Cruz, A., Gallois, M., Fontugne, M., Allain, E., Denoual, M., Moutailler, S. ...& Chartier, C. (2019). Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Anaplasma ovis in goats in Corsica, France. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 1-11. Doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-3269-7
Karki, M., Venkatesan, G., Kumar, A., Kumar, S., & Bora, D. P. (2019). Contagious ecthyma of sheep and goats: A comprehensive review on epidemiology, immunity, diagnostics and control measures. Veterinarski arhiv, 89(3), 393-423. Doi: 10.24099/vet.arhiv.0208
Rath, P. K., Panda, S. K., Mishra, B. P., Karna, D. K., Sahoo, G., Mishra, U. K., & Patra, R. C. (2020). Epidemiological risk factor analysis in goats and sheep naturally infected with Peste des petits ruminants virus. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud, 8(3), 546-549.
Hassan, N. M., Farag, T. K., Abu El Ezz, N. M., & Abou-Zeina, H. A. (2019). Prevalence assessment of gastrointestinal parasitic infections among goats in Giza Governorate, Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1), 1-7. Doi: 10.1186/s42269-019-0151-5
Shabana, I. I., Bouqellah, N. A., & Zaraket, H. (2017). Investigation of viral and bacterial enteropathogens of diarrheic sheep and goats in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Trop. Biomed, 34(4), 944-955.
de Macedo, L. O., Santos, M. A. B., da Silva, N. M. M., do Rêgo Barros, G. M. M., Alves, L. C., Giannelli, A., ... & de Carvalho, G. A. (2019). Morphological and epidemiological data on Eimeria species infecting small ruminants in Brazil. Small Ruminant Research, 171, 37-41. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.006
Limon, G., Gamawa, A. A., Ahmed, A. I., Lyons, N. A., & Beard, P. M. (2020). Epidemiological characteristics and economic impact of lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox among subsistence farmers in northeast Nigeria. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 8. Doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00008
Malik, A. I., Ijaz, M., Yaqub, T., Avais, M., Shabbir, M. Z., Aslam, H. B.,& Khan, A. (2018). Sero-epidemiology of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in sheep and goats of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Acta tropica, 182, 207-211. Doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.010
Selim, A., Megahed, A., Kandeel, S., Alanazi, A. D., & Almohammed, H. I. (2021). Determination of Seroprevalence of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and associated risk factors in goats and sheep using classification and regression tree. Animals, 11(4), 1165. Doi: 10.3390/ani11041165
Taghipour, A., Bahadory, S., & Javanmard, E. (2021). The global molecular epidemiology of microsporidia infection in sheep and goats with focus on Enterocytozoon bieneusi: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tropical medicine and health, 49(1), 1-12. Doi: 10.1186/s41182-021-00355-7
Caballero‐Gómez, J., García‐Bocanegra, I., Jiménez‐Martín, D., Cano‐Terriza, D., Risalde, M. A., López‐López, P.,& Rivero‐Juarez, A. (2022). Epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with hepatitis E virus in small ruminants in southern Spain. Zoonoses and Public Health, 69(4), 387-393. Doi: 10.1111/zph.12935
Bolajoko, M. B., Adedeji, A. J., Dashe, G. D., Òsemeke, O. H., & Luka, P. D. (2019). Molecular epidemiology and economic impact of goat pox on small holder sheep and goats farmers in north central Nigeria. Small Ruminant Research, 179, 75-78. Doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.09.013
Bala, J. A., Balakrishnan, K. N., Abdullah, A. A., Yi, L. C., Bitrus, A. A., Abba, Y., ... & Mohd-Lila, M. A. (2018). Sero-epidemiology of contagious ecthyma based on detection of IgG antibody in selected sheep and goats farms in Malaysia. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 6(5), 219-226. Doi: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2018/6.5.219.226
Published
2024-01-01
How to Cite
Anatha Charan Ojha, Trapty Agarwal, Pravesh Belwal. (2024). Paramphistomosis in Small Ruminants: An Epidemiological Evaluation in Goats and Sheep. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(3), 411-419. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/467
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