Investigation of -Assisted Rehabilitation and Its Effect on Patient-Dog Relationships in Young adults Alzheimer's disease
Keywords:
Canine-Assisted Rehabilitation, Young Adults, Alzheimer's Disease, Patient-Dog Relationships
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects cognitive abilities and general well-being, and it presents substantial obstacles, particularly for young individuals. Making use of the special relationship that exists between humans and dogs, canine-assisted rehabilitation has gained attention as a possible therapeutic intervention. A nonpharmacological strategy called dog-assisted treatment (DAT), which focuses on patient-dog contact, has been suggested as a benefit for adult Alzheimer's disease. Thus, we intend to analyze the reliability of the data from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) estimations as well as the impacts of DAT on this population. A detailed examination of the literature produced 1500 studies from three different sources. Twenty papers made into the final analysis after extensive screening and qualifying requirements. We incorporated Research that is quasi-experimental (QE) controlled and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the advantages and disadvantages of DAT in Alzheimer -affected individuals. The study employed random effects systematic reviews and produced scaled mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) along with their respective 95 %confidence intervals (95 % CI). RCTs with very low confidence data show that DAT did not affect sadness, anxiety, daily living activities, poor quality of life, or cognitive impairment those with Alzheimer's; nevertheless, tiny Research reported a favorable effect on indifference. The extensive Research provides attention to the possible advantages of canine-assisted therapy for young persons with Alzheimer's disease. The importance of including therapy dogs in rehabilitation programs for this population is highlighted by the favorable results shown in the cognitive and emotional domains, as well as the growth of significant patient-dog interactions.
References
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Bierbrauer, A., Kunz, L., Gomes, C. A., Luhmann, M., Deuker, L., Getzmann, S., ...& Axmacher, N. (2020). Unmasking selective path integration deficits in Alzheimer’s disease risk carriers. Science advances, 6(35), eaba1394.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1394
Maass, A., Barron, D., Harrison, T. M., Adams, J. N., La Joie, R., Baker, S., ...& Jagust, W. J. (2019). Alzheimer’s pathology targets distinct memory networks in the ageing brain. brain, 142(8), 2492-2509.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz154
Gaitán, J. M., Moon, H. Y., Stremlau, M., Dubal, D. B., Cook, D. B., Okonkwo, O. C., & Van Praag, H. (2021). Effects of aerobic exercise training on systemic biomarkers and cognition in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 660181.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.660181
Zhang, X. X., Tian, Y., Wang, Z. T., Ma, Y. H., Tan, L., & Yu, J. T. (2021). The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease modifiable risk factors and prevention. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 8, 313-321.Doi: https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2021.15
Machová, K., Součková, M., Procházková, R., Vaníčková, Z., & Mezian, K. (2019). Canine-assisted therapy improves well-being in nurses. International journal of environmental Research and public health, 16(19), 3670.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193670
Figueiredo, M. D. O., Alegretti, A. L., &Magalhães, L. (2021). Canine-assisted occupational therapy: a scoping review of the Brazilian literature. CadernosBrasileiros de TerapiaOcupacional, 29.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAR2087
Narvekar, H. N., & Narvekar, H. N. (2022). Canine-assisted therapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 50, 102112.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102112
Olmert, M. D. (2021). The comfort dog project of Northern Uganda: An innovative canine-assisted psychosocial trauma recovery programme.
Hill, J., Mensforth, S., Waldby, L., Fleming, J., Quinlan, T., & Driscoll, C. (2023). Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy for Children within a Student-Led University Clinic: The Influence on Child Engagement from the Perspectives of Student and Parent Participants. Physical & Occupational Therapy InPediatrics, 1-16.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2023.2273281
Kosteniuk, B., Dell, C. A., Cruz, M., & Chalmers, D. (2022). An Experiential Approach to Canine-Assisted Learning in Corrections for Prisoners Who Use Substances. Journal of forensic nursing, 10-1097.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2022.2273532
Dawoud, M. (2021). The Effects of Canine-Assisted Therapy in Speech Therapy.Doi: https://doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2021.52481
Nedzinskaitė, U., Mažeikaitė, J., Paleckaitis, M., & Stankevičius, R. (2019). Canine-assisted therapy and the improvement of physical characteristics in disabled children: a pilot study. SveikMoksl, 29(6), 88-94.Doi: https://doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.106
Brosig, C. (2021). Nurse-Led Canine-Assisted Intervention Practice. In Career Paths in Human-Animal Interaction for Social and Behavioral Scientists (pp. 93-95). Routledge.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/ 2021.785241
HU, J. J., BAI, Z. R., MIAO, S. Y., WANG, Y., WANG, M., & GAO, H. X. (2021). Effect of Canine-assisted Therapy on Family Function of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 1199-1204. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.573201
Barker, S. B., & Gee, N. R. (2021). Canine-assisted interventions in hospitals: best practices for maximizing human and canine safety. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 615730.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.615730
Leng, K., Li, E., Eser, R., Piergies, A., Sit, R., Tan, M., ...& Kampmann, M. (2021). Molecular characterization of selectively vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature neuroscience, 24(2), 276-287.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00764-7
Wesenberg, S., Mueller, C., Nestmann, F., & Holthoff‐Detto, V. (2019). Effects of an animal‐assisted intervention on social behaviour, emotions, and behavioural and psychological symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. Psychogeriatrics, 19(3), 219-227.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12385
Sherrill, M., & Hengst, J. A. (2022). Exploring animal-assisted therapy for creating rich communicative environments and targeting communication goals in subacute rehabilitation. American journal of speech-language pathology, 31(1), 113-132.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00284
An, H. J., & Park, S. J. (2021). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on gait performance, respiratory function, and psychological variables in patients post-stroke. International journal of environmental Research and public health, 18(11), 5818.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115818
Joe, E., & Ringman, J. M. (2019). Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical management and prevention. bmj, 367.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6217
Quintavalla, F., Cao, S., Spinelli, D., Caffarra, P., Rossi, F. M., Basini, G., & Sabbioni, A. (2021). Effects of dog-assisted therapies on cognitive mnemonic capabilities in people affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Animals, 11(5), 1366.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051366
Santaniello, A., Garzillo, S., Cristiano, S., Fioretti, A., &Menna, L. F. (2021). The research of standardized protocols for dog involvement in animal-assisted therapy: a systematic review. Animals, 11(9), 2576. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092576
Koukourikos, K., Georgopoulou, A., Kourkouta, L., &Tsaloglidou, A. (2019). Benefits of animal assisted therapy in mental health. International journal of caring sciences, 12(3), 1898-1905.
Feng, Y., Lin, Y., Zhang, N., Jiang, X., & Zhang, L. (2021). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on hospitalized children and teenagers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 60, 11-23. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.01.020
Rabbito, A., Dulewicz, M., Kulczyńska-Przybik, A., & Mroczko, B. (2020). Biochemical markers in Alzheimer’s disease. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(6), 1989.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061989
Lavín-Pérez, A. M., Martín-Sánchez, C., Martínez-Núñez, B., Lobato-Rincón, L. L., Villafaina, S., González-García, I., ...& Collado-Mateo, D. (2021). Effects of dog-assisted therapy in adolescents with eating disorders: A study protocol for a pilot controlled trial. Animals, 11(10), 2784.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102784
Abraham, P. A., Kazman, J. B., Bonner, J. A., Olmert, M. D., Yount, R. A., & Deuster, P. A. (2022). Effects of training service dogs on service members with PTSD: A pilot-feasibility randomized study with mixed methods. Military psychology, 34(2), 187-196.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08995605.2021.1984126
Patto, M. V. (2020). Neurological perspectives on pets and the elderly: The truth about cats, dogs, and grandparents. Pets as Sentinels, Forecasters, and Promoters of Human Health, 269-293.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30734-9_12
Kuschel, R. M. (2022). A Comparison of Animal Assisted Therapy with Talk Therapy for Treating Anxiety among University Students (Doctoral dissertation, Regent University).Doi:https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0523-19.2022
Weiler, M., Stieger, K. C., Long, J. M., & Rapp, P. R. (2020). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease: are we ready?.Eneuro, 7(1).Doi: https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0235-19.2019
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., Herrera-Soto, A., Jury, N., Maher, B. A., González-Maciel, A., Reynoso-Robles, R., ...& Varela-Nallar, L. (2020). Reduced repressive epigenetic marks, increased DNA damage, and Alzheimer's disease hallmarks in the brains of humans and mice exposed to particulate urban air pollution. Environmental Research, 183, 109226.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109226
Calderón-Garcidueñas, L., Torres-Jardón, R., Kulesza, R. J., Mansour, Y., González-González, L. O., Gónzalez-Maciel, A., ...& Mukherjee, P. S. (2020). Alzheimer's disease starts in childhood in polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A major health crisis is in progress. Environmental Research, 183, 109137.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109137
Karikari, T. K., Pascoal, T. A., Ashton, N. J., Janelidze, S., Benedet, A. L., Rodriguez, J. L., ...& Blennow, K. (2020). Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modeling study using data from four prospective cohorts. The Lancet Neurology, 19(5), 422-433.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30071-5
Pichet Binette, A., Gonneaud, J., Vogel, J. W., La Joie, R., Rosa-Neto, P., Collins, D. L., ... & PREVENT-AD Research Group. (2020). Morphometric network differences in aging versus Alzheimer's disease dementia. Brain, 143(2), 635-649.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz414
Bierbrauer, A., Kunz, L., Gomes, C. A., Luhmann, M., Deuker, L., Getzmann, S., ...& Axmacher, N. (2020). Unmasking selective path integration deficits in Alzheimer’s disease risk carriers. Science advances, 6(35), eaba1394.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1394
Maass, A., Barron, D., Harrison, T. M., Adams, J. N., La Joie, R., Baker, S., ...& Jagust, W. J. (2019). Alzheimer’s pathology targets distinct memory networks in the ageing brain. brain, 142(8), 2492-2509.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz154
Gaitán, J. M., Moon, H. Y., Stremlau, M., Dubal, D. B., Cook, D. B., Okonkwo, O. C., & Van Praag, H. (2021). Effects of aerobic exercise training on systemic biomarkers and cognition in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 660181.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.660181
Zhang, X. X., Tian, Y., Wang, Z. T., Ma, Y. H., Tan, L., & Yu, J. T. (2021). The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease modifiable risk factors and prevention. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 8, 313-321.Doi: https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2021.15
Machová, K., Součková, M., Procházková, R., Vaníčková, Z., & Mezian, K. (2019). Canine-assisted therapy improves well-being in nurses. International journal of environmental Research and public health, 16(19), 3670.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193670
Figueiredo, M. D. O., Alegretti, A. L., &Magalhães, L. (2021). Canine-assisted occupational therapy: a scoping review of the Brazilian literature. CadernosBrasileiros de TerapiaOcupacional, 29.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAR2087
Narvekar, H. N., & Narvekar, H. N. (2022). Canine-assisted therapy in neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 50, 102112.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102112
Olmert, M. D. (2021). The comfort dog project of Northern Uganda: An innovative canine-assisted psychosocial trauma recovery programme.
Hill, J., Mensforth, S., Waldby, L., Fleming, J., Quinlan, T., & Driscoll, C. (2023). Canine-Assisted Occupational Therapy for Children within a Student-Led University Clinic: The Influence on Child Engagement from the Perspectives of Student and Parent Participants. Physical & Occupational Therapy InPediatrics, 1-16.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2023.2273281
Kosteniuk, B., Dell, C. A., Cruz, M., & Chalmers, D. (2022). An Experiential Approach to Canine-Assisted Learning in Corrections for Prisoners Who Use Substances. Journal of forensic nursing, 10-1097.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01942638.2022.2273532
Dawoud, M. (2021). The Effects of Canine-Assisted Therapy in Speech Therapy.Doi: https://doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2021.52481
Nedzinskaitė, U., Mažeikaitė, J., Paleckaitis, M., & Stankevičius, R. (2019). Canine-assisted therapy and the improvement of physical characteristics in disabled children: a pilot study. SveikMoksl, 29(6), 88-94.Doi: https://doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2019.106
Brosig, C. (2021). Nurse-Led Canine-Assisted Intervention Practice. In Career Paths in Human-Animal Interaction for Social and Behavioral Scientists (pp. 93-95). Routledge.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/ 2021.785241
HU, J. J., BAI, Z. R., MIAO, S. Y., WANG, Y., WANG, M., & GAO, H. X. (2021). Effect of Canine-assisted Therapy on Family Function of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 1199-1204. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.573201
Barker, S. B., & Gee, N. R. (2021). Canine-assisted interventions in hospitals: best practices for maximizing human and canine safety. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 615730.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.615730
Leng, K., Li, E., Eser, R., Piergies, A., Sit, R., Tan, M., ...& Kampmann, M. (2021). Molecular characterization of selectively vulnerable neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature neuroscience, 24(2), 276-287.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00764-7
Wesenberg, S., Mueller, C., Nestmann, F., & Holthoff‐Detto, V. (2019). Effects of an animal‐assisted intervention on social behaviour, emotions, and behavioural and psychological symptoms in nursing home residents with dementia. Psychogeriatrics, 19(3), 219-227.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12385
Sherrill, M., & Hengst, J. A. (2022). Exploring animal-assisted therapy for creating rich communicative environments and targeting communication goals in subacute rehabilitation. American journal of speech-language pathology, 31(1), 113-132.Doi:https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_AJSLP-20-00284
An, H. J., & Park, S. J. (2021). Effects of animal-assisted therapy on gait performance, respiratory function, and psychological variables in patients post-stroke. International journal of environmental Research and public health, 18(11), 5818.Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115818
Joe, E., & Ringman, J. M. (2019). Cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: clinical management and prevention. bmj, 367.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6217
Published
2024-01-01
How to Cite
Ramkumar Krishnamoorthy, Swati Singh, Rahul Bhatt. (2024). Investigation of -Assisted Rehabilitation and Its Effect on Patient-Dog Relationships in Young adults Alzheimer’s disease. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(3), 420-429. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/468
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