Antibiotic Resistance Growth: Investigating the Consequences of Defective Veterinary Pharmaceuticals
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Farm Animals, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Consequences
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly employed in farm animals to promote growth and prevent illness, which leads to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. The study examines substandard veterinary medications, highlighting the potential for incorrect dosage and bacterial eradication due to poor formulations and insufficient quality control. Antibiotics are used in farm animals for infectious illness prevention, with tetracycline as the most commonly used class. With the goal of minimizing the emergence of resistance in veterinary care by minimizing the usage of antibiotics in 2019, mandatory guidelines for the careful use of antibiotics in animals were released. These recommendations outline the minimal standards that veterinarians must adhere while giving antibiotics to animals. The administration of antibiotics in accordance with precise criteria is one of their main components. The findings derived from a comprehensive monitoring study conducted by Veterinary Pharmaceuticals spanning the period from November 2019 to April 2021, which tracked the utilization of antibiotics in veterinary pharmaceuticals, as medicated feeding ingredients, reveal a notable shift in veterinarians' prescription practices subsequent to the adoption of the guidelines. According to the decreasing usage of antibiotics, which dropped from 4366 kg prior to the recommendations to 1253 kg in the first quarter of 2012, the number of days each animal obtained therapy reduced from 31.7 to 13.7. The research found that the percentage of antibiotic prescriptions containing chlortetracycline decreased from 78% to 15.7%, indicating the adoption of veterinarians' recommendations as a tool to reduce antibiotic use and reduce resistance.
References
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Cella, E., Giovanetti, M., Benedetti, F., Scarpa, F., Johnston, C., Borsetti, A., ... & Ciccozzi, M. (2023). Joining Forces against Antibiotic Resistance: The One Health Solution. Pathogens, 12(9), 1074. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091074
Clement, M., Olabisi, M., David, E., & Issa, M. (2019). Veterinary pharmaceuticals and antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. In Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceuticals. IntechOpen. Doi: 10.5772/intechopen.84888
Gurmessa, B., Pedretti, E. F., Cocco, S., Cardelli, V., & Corti, G. (2020). Manure anaerobic digestion effects and the role of pre-and post-treatments on veterinary antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes removal efficiency. Science of the Total Environment, 721, 137532. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137532
Vidhamaly, V., Bellingham, K., Newton, P. N., & Caillet, C. (2022). The quality of veterinary medicines and their implications for One Health. BMJ Global Health, 7(8), e008564. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008564
Tefera, B., Bacha, B., Belew, S., Ravinetto, R., Andualem, T., Abegaz, Z., ... & Belete, B. (2022). Study on identification, assay and organoleptic quality of veterinary medicines in Ethiopia. Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice, 15(1), 17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40545-022-00410-6
Munif, M. R. (2022). Surgical repair of orocutaneous fistula in the left submandibular region of a day-old calf with ectopic incisors. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 9(3), 509. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5455%2Fjavar.2022.i620
Santillo, D., Mathieson, I., Corsi, F., Göllner, R., & Guandalini, A. (2021). The use of acellular porcine corneal stroma xenograft (BioCorneaVet™) for the treatment of deep stromal and full thickness corneal defects: a retrospective study of 40 cases (2019–2021). Veterinary Ophthalmology, 24(5), 469-483. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.12927
Paola, D. D., Iaria, C., Marino, F., Gugliandolo, E., Piras, C., Crupi, R., ... & Peritore, A. F. (2022). Environmental Impact of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Synergistic Toxicity of Ivermectin and Cypermethrin. Toxics, 10(7), 388. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070388
Munif, M. R., Masud, R. I., & Tasnim, S. (2022). Surgical treatment of right lateral abdominal hernia in a heifer. Iran J Vet Sci Technol, 14(3), 53-57. Doi: 10.22067/ijvst.2022.76524.1145
Abdelnour, S. A., Abd El‐Hack, M. E., Alagawany, M., Taha, A. E., Elnesr, S. S., Abd Elmonem, O. M., & Swelum, A. A. (2020). Useful impacts of royal jelly on reproductive sides, fertility rate and sperm traits of animals. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 104(6), 1798-1808. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.13303
Carvalho, S. G., Silvestre, A. L. P., Dos Santos, A. M., Fonseca-Santos, B., Rodrigues, W. D., Gremião, M. P. D., ... & Villanova, J. C. O. (2021). Polymeric-based drug delivery systems for veterinary use: State of the art. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 604, 120756. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120756
Parolini, M. (2020). Toxicity of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen towards freshwater invertebrates: A review. Science of the Total Environment, 740, 140043. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140043
Kongsted, H., & Mc Loughlin, E. T. (2023). Lowering antibiotic usage and phasing out pharmaceutical zinc oxide in Danish pig herds: Pig farmers’ and veterinarians’ experiences and perceptions. Livestock Science, 273, 105260. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140043
Ghosh, U., Majumdar, A., & Pal, A. (2021). 3D macroporous architecture of self-assembled defect-engineered ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets for tetracycline degradation under LED light irradiation. Materials Research Bulletin, 133, 111074. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2020.111074
De Briyne, N., Holmes, D., Sandler, I., Stiles, E., Szymanski, D., Moody, S., ... & Anadón, A. (2021). Cannabis, cannabidiol oils and tetrahydrocannabinol—What do veterinarians need to know?. Animals, 11(3), 892. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030892
Abbas, F. G., Jasim, A. M., Jawad, M. J., Hassan, S. M., Jawad, M. J., & Hadi, N. R. (2022). TPGS in drug delivery systems and pharmaceuticals of veterinary and human applications. Bull Natl Inst Heal Sci, 140(01), 1421-32. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030783
Greenwald, J. (2021). US Veterinary Drug Shortages: Industry Views on Potential Changes to Regulatory Policy (Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California). Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030547
Gravert, T. K. O., Vuaille, J., Magid, J., & Hansen, M. (2021). Non-target analysis of organic waste amended agricultural soils: Characterization of added organic pollution. Chemosphere, 280, 130582. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130582
Medkova, D., Lakdawala, P., Hodkovicova, N., Blahova, J., Faldyna, M., Mares, J., ... & Svobodova, Z. (2022). Effects of different pharmaceutical residues on embryos of fish species native to Central Europe. Chemosphere, 291, 132915. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132915
Barnes, H., Gillen, A. M., Brown, J., & Archer, D. C. (2021). Surgical repair and reconstruction of a nasal fistula following intra‐lesional formalin injection. Equine Veterinary Education, 33(12), e453-e459. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13447
Laurent, A., Darwiche, S. E., Hirt-Burri, N., Scaletta, C., Michetti, M., Laurent, P., ... & Applegate, L. A. (2020). Banking progenitor cells for hippiatric regenerative medicine: Optimized establishment of safe and consistent cell sources for standardized veterinary therapeutic protocols. American Journal of Biomedical Science, 8(4), 252-271. Doi: https://doi.org/10.34297/AJBSR.2020.08.001284
Christen, M., Bongers, J., Mathis, D., Jagannathan, V., Quintana, R. G., & Leeb, T. (2022). ACADM Frameshift Variant in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Genes, 13(10), 1847. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13101847
Barbry, J. B., Poinsard, A. S., Bouzouraa, T., Durand, A., & Balland, O. (2021). Case report of unilateral retrobulbar hematoma associated with von Willebrand disease in a Doberman Pinscher dog. Clinical case reports, 9(3), 1235-1240. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.3735
Parker, L. A., & Sakals, S. (2019). Complication of an artificial urethral sphincter in the treatment of a urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 60(8), 869. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.38
Berdah, D. (2021). Serum therapy against FMD and the development of the French veterinary profession in the 1930s. Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, 102, 151-169. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41130-020-00108-w
Chaprazov, T., Vasileva, R., Atliev, K., & Firkova, E. (2022). Diagnostic Imaging Studies on Local and Systemic Erythropoietin Application for Promoting Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects. Veterinary Sciences, 9(10), 578. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100578
Meyer, M. F., Powers, S. M., & Hampton, S. E. (2019). An evidence synthesis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment: imbalances among compounds, sewage treatment techniques, and ecosystem types. Environmental science & technology, 53(22), 12961-12973. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02966
Sharma, P., Rani, L., Grewal, A. S., & Srivastav, A. L. (2022). Impact of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics waste on the river ecosystem: a growing threat. In Ecological Significance of River Ecosystems (pp. 15-36). Elsevier. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85045-2.00015-7
Choudhuri, S., Kaur, T., Jain, S., Sharma, C., & Asthana, S. (2021). A review on genotoxicity in connection to infertility and cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 345, 109531. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109531
Published
2024-01-01
How to Cite
Solomon Jebaraj, Sriom, Pratik Pandey. (2024). Antibiotic Resistance Growth: Investigating the Consequences of Defective Veterinary Pharmaceuticals. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(3), 512-521. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/478
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