“The Lumpy Skin Disease Burden In The Cattle Of Anakapalli District, Andhra Pradesh”

Abstract

Survey on the Lumpy skin Disease in the Anakapalli District of Andhra Pradesh conducted in the period of 2022 October to 2023 September. Results are shown below

RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION

From the present study and the data generated it is inferred from the survey that the estimates of percentage of animals which are suffering from LSD is 20.18 % in the Anakapalli District. In winter season 62 cows in 248 cows. So the prevalence rate in winter of this period is 25% (62/248). In summer season 36 positive cases were obtained in 229 animals. So the prevalence rate of the disease in the summer season of the study period is 15.72 % (36/229). The same in the case of the rainy season the positive cases are 51 among the 261 animals. So the prevalence rate in the rainy season of the study period is 19.5 % (51/261). Highest no. of positive cases were recorded in winter season which corresponds to months between October 2022 to January 2023.

Moderate cases were recorded in the rainy season which corresponds the months between June 2023 to September 2023. And low number of cases was identified in the summer season which corresponds the months between February 2023 to January 2023Different types of diseases are wide spread among the cattle of  Anakapalli District in different seasons. Among them the Lumpsy Skin Disease, Babesiosis, Theleriasis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Haemorages septisimia, Basillus anthrax are the wide spread diseases. These diseases hamper the growth of the livestock sector and impose serious constraints on the health and productivity of domesticated cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the  world.  So, It is very essential to have complete knowledge of this parasite prevalent in the area for developing an effective control measures and mass vaccination strategy.(Morris 1931) and it was restricted to sub-Saharan Africa until 1989 and later transboundary spread of the disease to the Middle East Asia (Israel) was observed (House et.al. 1990). In 2019, the LSD outbreak was reported for the first time in Bangladesh, India, China, and also re-emerged in Israel (Calistri et.al. 2020). The disease might have emerged in India from its neighboring countries (Kumar et.al. 2020) and is posing many outbreaks in the bovine population throughout the country. The occurrence of the disease was being observed from the year 2019 and was scientifically reported in the year 2020 (Kumar et.al. 2020; Sudhakar et.al. 2020). The disease is causing severe economic losses to the farmers in the present pandemic scenario directly in terms of loss of productivity, reduced milk production, temporary or permanent sterility in bulls,and loss of condition of hides and indirectly in terms of  trade restrictions, costs of laboratory diagnosis, supportive treatment, disinfection of premises, and vaccination. The major route of transmission of the disease is by biting flies and ticks (Ali and Obeid 1977; Lubinga et.al. 2013a, 2013b; Lubinga 2014; Tuppurainen et.al. 2013a, 2013b). The first outbreak of LSDV in Israel in 1989 was thought to be due to the movement of infected Stomoxys Lumpy Skin Disease is caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) that belongs to the genus Capri pox virus and Family Pox viridae. The disease was first observed in Zambia in the year 1931 (Morries 1931) and it was restricted to sub Saharan africa until 1989 and later transboundary spread of the disease to the Middle East Asia(Israel) was observed (House et al.1990). In 2019 the LSD out break was reported for the first time in Bangladesh, India, China and also re-emerged in Israel (Calistri et al. 2020) The disease might have emerged in India from its neighbouring countries (Kumar et.al. 2020) and is posing many out breaks in the bovine population throughout the country. The occurrence of the disease was being observed from the year 2019 and was scientifically reported in the year 2020 (Kumar et al. 2020: Sudhakar et al.2020) The major route of transmission of the disease is by biting flies and ticks (Ali and Obeid 1977: Lybinga et.al 2013a, 2013b: Lubinga 2014: Tippurainen et al.2013a.2013b). The first outbreak of LSDV in Israel in 1989 was thought to be due to the movement of infected  Stomoxys calcitrans from Egypt (Yeruham et a.1995). Similarly, the risk of introduction of LSDV through Stomoxys calcitrans that were present in animal transport trucks was observed by Saegerman et al. 2018.