Extraction and Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Arachis Hypogaea Leaves for Anti-Microbial Activity
Keywords:
Extraction, plant-herbs, phytoconstituents, extract, Arachis Hypogaea (AH), anti-microbial activity, methanolic extraction, phyto-therapeutics.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to extract and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract from the leaves of Arachis hypogaea AH against various pathogenic microorganisms.
Materials and Methodology: The leaves of AH, methanol and distilled water as solvent, Sterile discs and ethanol as sterilization purposes were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Institute, Fisher scientific and Sigma Aldrich respectively. AH collected, dried, and subjected to methanolic extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting crude extract was concentrated and then tested for antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial efficacy was assessed using the agar well diffusion method against a panel of E.coli, B.cereus and Bacillus subtilis as the tested microorganisms.
Results: The methanolic extract of AH leaves exhibited significant antimicrobial activity E.coli, B.cereus and Bacillus subtilis F6 was optimized formulation. The zones of inhibition observed ranged from 10 to 20 mm indicating a broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect. The interpretation of microorganisms E.coli, B.cereus and Bacillus subtilis shows moderate, good and excellent activity.
Conclusion: The methanolic extract of AH leaves possesses potent antimicrobial properties, which could be attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds in the leaves. These findings suggest that AH leaf extract could be a valuable source of natural antimicrobial agents for therapeutic applications.
References
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32. Pal R, Pandey P, Nogai L, Anand A, Suthar P, SahdevKeskar M, Kumar V. The future perspectives and novel approach on gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) with currrent state. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. 2023 Sep 19;30(17):594-613.
2. Toomer OT. Nutritional chemistry of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2018 Nov 22;58(17):3042-53.
3. Sharma KK, Bhatnagar-Mathur P. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea l.). Agrobacterium Protocols. 2006:347-58.
4. Krapovickas A. The origin, variability and spread of the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). InThe domestication and exploitation of plants and animals 2017 Jul 12 (pp. 427-442). Routledge.
5. Krishna G, Singh BK, Kim EK, Morya VK, Ramteke PW. Progress in genetic engineering of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)—A review. Plant biotechnology journal. 2015 Feb;13(2):147-62.
6. Sultana T, Malik K, Raja NI, Mashwani ZU, Hameed A, Ullah R, Alqahtani AS, Sohail. Aflatoxins in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea): Prevalence, Global Health Concern, and Management from an Innovative Nanotechnology Approach: A Mechanistic Repertoire and Future Direction. ACS omega. 2024 Jun 6.
7. Deng Q, Huang S, Liu H, Lu Q, Du P, Li H, Li S, Liu H, Wang R, Huang L, Sun D. Silica nanoparticles conferring resistance to bacterial wilt in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Science of The Total Environment. 2024 Mar 10;915:170112.
8. Sami R, Khojah E, Alharbi M, AM Al-Mushhin A, Saeed Alkaltham M, Mohammad Salamatullah A, Ahmed Ismail K, Helal M. Functional effects of pomegranate peel extracts on milk: Antibacterial measurements, antioxidant activities, and photochemical characterizations. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 2021 Oct 1;15(5):571-9.
9. Lefebvre T, Destandau E, Lesellier E. Selective extraction of bioactive compounds from plants using recent extraction techniques: A review. Journal of Chromatography A. 2021 Jan 4;1635:461770.
10. Pal R, Pandey P, Koli M, Srivastava K, Tiwari V, Gaur AK, Dutta P. The Comprehensive Review: Exploring Future Potential of Nasopulmonary Drug Delivery Systems for Nasal Route Drug Administration. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2024 Mar 15;14(3):126-36.
11. Djuraev K, Yodgorova M, Usmonov A, Mizomov M. Experimental study of the extraction process of coniferous plants. InIOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021 Sep 1 (Vol. 839, No. 4, p. 042019). IOP Publishing.
12. Wang Z, Li S, Ge S, Lin S. Review of distribution, extraction methods, and health benefits of bound phenolics in food plants. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2020 Feb 24;68(11):3330-43.
13. Mastellone G, Marengo A, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P, Cagliero C. New phases for analytical scale extraction from plants: Current and future trends. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2021 Aug 1;141:116288.
14. Pal R, Pandey P, Anand A, Saxena A, Thakur SK, Malakar RK, Kumar V. The Pharmaceutical Polymer’s; A current status in drug delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. 2023 Mar 16:3682-92.
15. Tzanova M, Atanasov V, Yaneva Z, Ivanova D, Dinev T. Selectivity of current extraction techniques for flavonoids from plant materials. Processes. 2020 Sep 30;8(10):1222.
16. Kumar M, Dahuja A, Tiwari S, Punia S, Tak Y, Amarowicz R, Bhoite AG, Singh S, Joshi S, Panesar PS, Saini RP. Recent trends in extraction of plant bioactives using green technologies: A review. Food Chemistry. 2021 Aug 15;353:129431.
17. Ivanović M, Islamčević Razboršek M, Kolar M. Innovative extraction techniques using deep eutectic solvents and analytical methods for the isolation and characterization of natural bioactive compounds from plant material. Plants. 2020 Oct 24;9(11):1428.
18. Pal R, Pandey P, Rai B, Koli M, Chakrabarti M, Thakur P, Rizwan M, Saxena A. Chitosan: as highly potential biopolymer obtainable in several advance drug delivery systems including biomedical applications. Environmental science. 2023;3(4).
19. Fonmboh DJ, Abah ER, Fokunang TE, Herve B, Teke GN, Rose NM, Borgia NN, Fokunang LB, Andrew BN, Kaba N, Bathelemy N. An overview of methods of extraction, isolation and characterization of natural medicinal plant products in improved traditional medicine research. Asian J Res Med Pharm Sci. 2020 Aug;9(2):31-57.
20. Liang Q, Tan D, Chen H, Guo X, Afzal M, Wang X, Tan Z, Peng G. Endophyte-mediated enhancement of salt resistance in Arachis hypogaea L. by regulation of osmotic stress and plant defense-related genes. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2024 May 23;15:1383545.
21. Pal R, Pandey P, Waheed S, Thakur SK, Sharma V, Chanana A, Singh RP. Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) As A Novel Tool For Drug Delivery. wjpr. 2022 Nov 30;12(2):688-711.
22. Kortei NK, Osei S, Addae AA, Akonor PT, Manaphraim NY, Annan T. Impact of some Ghanaian local roasting methods on aflatoxin reduction in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L). Scientific African. 2024 Mar 1;23:e02022.
23. Bigatton ED, Castillejo MA, Ayoub I, Baldessari JJ, Bruno M, Archilla MV, Dubini LE, Lucini E, Haro RJ. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Impact on peanut flowering, seed physical quality, and yield determination (Arachis hypogaea L.). Industrial Crops and Products. 2024 Nov 1;219:119024.
24. Sun H, Bai J, Liu R, Zhao Z, Li W, Mao H, Zhou L. Polyethylene microplastic and nano ZnO Co-exposure: Effects on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth and rhizosphere bacterial community. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2024 Mar 15;445:141368.
25. Islam MM, Saha S, Sahoo P, Mandal S. Endophytic Streptomyces sp. MSARE05 isolated from roots of Peanut plant produces a novel antimicrobial compound. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2024 Mar;135(3):lxae051.
26. Pal R, Pandey P, Maurya VK, Saxena A, Rizwan M, Koli M, Shakya S, Pinki K. Optimization and formulation of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded liposome well-used in chemotherapy involving quality by design (QbD): a transitory research. European Chemical Bulletin. 2023;12:4491-510.
27. Tsai CH, Huang HC, Lin KJ, Liu JM, Chen GL, Yeh YH, Lu TL, Lin HW, Lu MT, Chu PC. Inhibition of Autophagy Aggravates Arachis hypogaea L. Skin Extracts-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024 Jan 22;25(2):1345.
28. Chayjarung P, Wongkrajang K, Pankaew C, Tothong C, Poonsap W, Wongshaya P, Kucharoenphaibul S, Kongbangkerd A, Limmongkon A. Bioactivity assessment of high potency arachidin mixture from large-scale peanut hairy root culture medium. Plant Biotechnology Reports. 2024 Jun 1:1-4.
29. Sanni JA, Sanni GO, Awoniyi RR, Osanyinlusi R, Richards YE, Adesina GI, Adenuga OO, Apata SA, Ekun OE. Effects of Processing on the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and the Phytochemical Analysis of Groundnut Seeds (Arachis hypogeae). Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry. 2024 May 13;13(1):63-71.
30. Pal R, Pandey P, Rizwan M, Koli M, Thakur SK, Malakar RK, Gupta H, Khadam VK, Chawra HS. The Utilization of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) In the Optimization of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) Liposomes Formulate through the Thin Film Hydration (TFH) Technique with Involving Computational Method. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research. 2023 Oct 28;35(22):287-300.
31. Gıdık B, Can Z, Önemli F. Antioxidant Activities of Different Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Market Types by Spectrophotometric Techniques Combined with Chemometrics. Chemistry & Biodiversity. 2024 Apr;21(4):e202301419.
32. Pal R, Pandey P, Nogai L, Anand A, Suthar P, SahdevKeskar M, Kumar V. The future perspectives and novel approach on gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) with currrent state. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology. 2023 Sep 19;30(17):594-613.
Published
2024-07-10
How to Cite
Rajveer Singh, Shaily Mishra, Dr. Shamim Ahmad, & Dr. Nasiruddin Ahmad Farooqui. (2024). Extraction and Evaluation of Methanolic Extract of Arachis Hypogaea Leaves for Anti-Microbial Activity. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1S), 267-275. https://doi.org/10.53555/redvet.v25i1S.621
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Articles
