Effect of substituting concentrate feed with cassava (Manihot esculenta) silage on the performance of Tenyi Vo pig
Keywords:
Tenyi Vo pig, Cassava (Manihot esculenta), Body weight, Feed intake, Feed Conversion Efficiency
Abstract
The research was carried out on 20 weaned Tenyi Vo piglets of 2 months old, which were divided into four different treatment groups i.e. T1, T2, T3 and T4. The treatment groups T1,T2, T3 and T4 were fed with 20 % cassava silage + 80 % concentrated feed(T1), 15 % cassava silage + 85 % concentrate feed (T2), 10 % cassava silage + 90 % concentrated feed (T3) and only 100 %concentrated feed in T4 (control). Analysis of variance showed higher (P<0.05) final body weight in T1 with 7.43 kg followed by T2, T3 and T4. Higher weight gain of 0.64 kg/pig/week and significant difference (P<0.05) with T2, T3 and T4 that was 0.53kg, 0.49kg and0.45 kg, respectively. In the final week of the experimental study period, the average feed intake of T1 treatment group shows higher feed intake with 1.87 kg/pig/week followed by T2, T3 and T4. The overall average feed conversion efficiency of T1 at the final week shows better FCE as compared to T2, T3 and T4. 10 % morbidity and 10 % mortality was record during the whole experimental study period. Net profit per piglet and net profit per kg live weight showed better return value in T1 as compared to the other treatment groups followed by T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The overall performance in body weight, gain in body weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and economics of production was better in T1 (BCR 1.21) as compared to the other treatment groups. Therefore, substitution of 20 % cassava silage into the diet of the Tenyi Vo pigs can be recommended for the farmers of Nagaland.
References
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21. Loc, N.T., Ogle, B. and Preston, T.R., 1997. Cassava root silage for crossbred pigs under village conditions in Central Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 9(2):12-19.
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27. Ospina, L., Preston, T.R. and Ogle, B., 1995. Effect of protein supply in cassava root meal-based diets on the performance of growing-finishing pigs. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 7(2).
28. Phengsavanh, P., Ogle, B., Stür, W., Frankow-Lindberg, B.E., and Lindberg, J.E. 2010. Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in Northern Lao PDR. Tropical animal health and production, 42(8):1627-1633.
29. Rutsa, M.C. 2016. Indigenous pig TenyiVo is now recognized breed in India. https://morungexpress. com/indeginous-pig-tenyi-vo-now-recognized-breed-india. Accessed on 26th July 2022.
30. Saenphoom, P., Chimtong, S., Phiphatkitphaisan, S. and Somsri, S., 2016. Improvement of taro leaves using pre-treated enzyme as prebiotics in animal feed. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 11:65-70.
31. Silva, M.A.A.D., Furlan, A.C., Moreira, I., Paiano, D., Scherer, C. and Martins, E.N., 2008. Nutritional evaluation of cassava root silage with or without whole soybean for nursery piglets. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37: 1441-1449.
32. Hovinu Sothu, M Catherine Rutsa, R Zuyie, VK Vidyarthi, Nizamuddin, N Savino and Rajan Singh.(2023). Effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on the performance of Tenyivo pig. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry.9 (2): 227-233.
33. Sivilai, B. and Preston, T.R., 2017. A low concentration of rice distillers’ by product or of brewers’ grains, increased diet digestibility and nitrogen retention in native Moo Lath pigs fed ensiled banana pseudo-stem (Musa spp) and ensiled taro foliage (Colocasiaesculenta). Livestock Research for Rural Development, 29(6):123.
34. Sonaiya, E.B. and Omole, T.A., 1983. Cassava meal and cassava peel meal in diets for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 8(3):211-220.
35. Tewe, O.O. and Oke, O.L., 1983. Performance, carcass characteristics and economy of production of growing pigs on varying dietary cassava peel levels. Nutrition reports international, 28(2): 235-243.
36. Toan, N.H. and Preston, T.R., 2010. Taro as a local feed resource for pigs in small scale household condition. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22(8):256-345.
37. Wyllie, D. and Lekule, F.P., 1980. Cassava and molasses for fattening pigs under village conditions in Tanzania. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago, 57(3):267-276.
38. Xaypha, S., Keonouchanh, S., Phimphachanhvongsot, V., Reinhard, H. and Tin Maun, A., 2007. The use of cassava silage in diets for growing local pigs in Laos. Lao J Agric Forest, 14:.1-10.
39. Scendecor, G.W. and Cochran W.A. 1994. Statistical Methods. (8th edn.0, Oxford and India Book House Pvt. Limited Publishing Company, Kolkata.
2. Akinfala, E.O. and Tewe, O.O., 2001. Utilization of whole cassava plant in the diets of growing pigs in the tropics. Livestock research for rural development, 13(5):13-21.
3. Apata, D.F. and Babalola, T.O., 2012. The use of cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam, and their by-products by non-ruminants. International journal of food science and nutrition engineering, 2(4):54-62.
4. Balogun, T.F. and Bawa, G.S., 1997. Cassava peels in the diet of young pigs in Nigeria. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 29(4):209-215.
5. Boro, P., Patel, B.H.M., Sahoo, N.R., Gaur, G.K., Dutt, T., Singh, M., Upadhyay, D., Madkar, A. and Naha, B.C., 2016. Productive and Reproductive Perfomances of Local pigs of Bareilly District Under Scavenging System. Journal of Animal Research, 6(6):1019.
6. Buntha, P., Borin, K., Preston, T.R. and Ogle, B., 2008. Digestibility and nitrogen balance studies in pigs fed diets with ensiled taro (Colocasia esculenta) leaves as replacement for fish meal. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 20(sSupplement).
7. Buntha, P., Borin, K., Preston, T.R. and Ogle, B., 2008. Effect of Taro (Colocasiaesculenta) leaf silage as replacement for fish meal on feed intake and growth performance of crossbred pigs. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 20.
8. Carter, N., Dewey, C., Lukuyu, B., Grace, D. and de Lange, C., 2015. Nutritional value and seasonal availability of feed ingredients for pigs in Uganda. Agricultura Tropicaet Subtropical, 48(3-4):91-104.
9. Chhay, T., Preston, T.R. and Ly, J., 2003. The use of ensiled cassava leaves in diets for growing pigs.Livestocks Research for Rural Development. 15 (8).
10. Chou, K.C., Nah, K.C. and Muller, Z., 1975. Replacement of maize by high level of tapioca meal in ration s for growing/finishing pigs. Nutrition Abstract and Review (Series B).45: 3600
11. Chusi, Z., Savino, N., Dhali, A. and Perumal, P., 2016. Reproductive attributes of local pig (Votho) of Nagaland, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50(6): 862-866
12. Ekwe, O.O., Nweze, B.O. and Uchewa, E.N., 2011. An effect of sun-dried cassava peels supplementation on the performance of weaner pigs. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(8): 794-800.
13. Gopinathan, A., Karthickeyan, S.M.K. and Sivaselvam, S.N., 2011. Survival of indigenous pigs under intensive farming in an organised farm in Tamil Nadu, India. Pig Journal, 65:19-22.
14. Hew, V.F. and Hutagalung, R.I., 1972. The utilization of cassava root meal in swine feeding. Malaya. Agric. Res, 1:124-130.
15. Jiménez, R.F., González, C., Ojeda, A., Vecchionacce, H. and Ly, J., 2005. Performance traits of finishing pigs fed graded levels of cassava roots and a mixed foliage meal of cassava and trichanthera leaves. Livest. Res. Rural Dev, 17:23-27.
16. Kaensombath, L., 2012. Taro leaf and stylo forage as protein sources for pigs in Laos (Vol. 2012, No. 2012: 95).
17. Kambashi, B., Boudry, C., Picron, P. and Bindelle, J., 2014. Forage plants as an alternative feed resource for sustainable pig production in the tropics: a review. Animal, 8(8):1298-1311.
18. Kundu, M.S., Perumal, P., Ravi, S.K., Bhattacharya, D., Kundu, A., Sunder, J., Muniswamy, K., Sawhney, S. and De, A.K., 2020. Reproductive and production performance of Andaman Local Pig of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India under intensive system of rearing. International Journal of Bio–Resource and Stress Management, 11(1):20-26.
19. Loc, N.T., Huy, L.K. and Giang, V.D., 2000. Effect of different levels of ensiled cassava roots in diets on performance and carcass quality of F1 (MCxLW) fattening pigs. Science & Technology Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10:441-443.
20. Amer T, Rutsa MC, Savino N, Singh R. (2023).Performance of Tenyivo pig on diet supplemented with nutgall (Rhus samialata) fruit. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 12(2):1464-1471.
21. Loc, N.T., Ogle, B. and Preston, T.R., 1997. Cassava root silage for crossbred pigs under village conditions in Central Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 9(2):12-19.
22. Ly, N.T., Ngoan, L.D., Verstegen, M.W. and Hendriks, W.H., 2010. Ensiled and dry cassava leaves, and sweet potato vines as a protein source in diets for growing Vietnamese Large White× MongCai pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(9):1205-1212.Ly, N.T.H., 2006, August. The use of ensiled cassava leaves for feeding pigs on- farm in central Vietnam. In Workshop-seminar" Forages for Pigs and Ra bbits" MEKARN-CelAgrid, Phnom Penh, Cambodia pp. 22-24.
23. Ly, N.T.H., Le Van An, L.V.P. and Phuong, D.T., 2001, August. Effect of using ensiled cassava roots and ensiled cassava leaves under village conditions. In Proc. National Seminar/Workshop on Research and Extension of Cassava in Vietnam, held in Hue city, Vietnam :179-186
24. Missotten, J.A., Michiels, J., Ovyn, A., De Smet, S. and Dierick, N.A., 2010. Fermented liquid feed for pigs. Archives of animal nutrition, 64(6):437-466.
25. Mondal, S.K., De, U.K., Das, G.K., Powde, A.M. and Verma, A.K., 2012. Pattern of mortality of crossbred pigs in an organized swine production farm. J. Livest. Sci, 3:37-44.
26. Ngoan, L. D.and Ly. N. T. L. 2007. The use of cassava roots and leaves for feeding pigs in Vietnam. In: Proc. of 7th Regional Workshop held in Bankok, Thailand, 28th Oct-1st Nov. 2002. pp 518-523.
27. Ospina, L., Preston, T.R. and Ogle, B., 1995. Effect of protein supply in cassava root meal-based diets on the performance of growing-finishing pigs. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 7(2).
28. Phengsavanh, P., Ogle, B., Stür, W., Frankow-Lindberg, B.E., and Lindberg, J.E. 2010. Feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in Northern Lao PDR. Tropical animal health and production, 42(8):1627-1633.
29. Rutsa, M.C. 2016. Indigenous pig TenyiVo is now recognized breed in India. https://morungexpress. com/indeginous-pig-tenyi-vo-now-recognized-breed-india. Accessed on 26th July 2022.
30. Saenphoom, P., Chimtong, S., Phiphatkitphaisan, S. and Somsri, S., 2016. Improvement of taro leaves using pre-treated enzyme as prebiotics in animal feed. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 11:65-70.
31. Silva, M.A.A.D., Furlan, A.C., Moreira, I., Paiano, D., Scherer, C. and Martins, E.N., 2008. Nutritional evaluation of cassava root silage with or without whole soybean for nursery piglets. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37: 1441-1449.
32. Hovinu Sothu, M Catherine Rutsa, R Zuyie, VK Vidyarthi, Nizamuddin, N Savino and Rajan Singh.(2023). Effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyx on the performance of Tenyivo pig. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry.9 (2): 227-233.
33. Sivilai, B. and Preston, T.R., 2017. A low concentration of rice distillers’ by product or of brewers’ grains, increased diet digestibility and nitrogen retention in native Moo Lath pigs fed ensiled banana pseudo-stem (Musa spp) and ensiled taro foliage (Colocasiaesculenta). Livestock Research for Rural Development, 29(6):123.
34. Sonaiya, E.B. and Omole, T.A., 1983. Cassava meal and cassava peel meal in diets for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 8(3):211-220.
35. Tewe, O.O. and Oke, O.L., 1983. Performance, carcass characteristics and economy of production of growing pigs on varying dietary cassava peel levels. Nutrition reports international, 28(2): 235-243.
36. Toan, N.H. and Preston, T.R., 2010. Taro as a local feed resource for pigs in small scale household condition. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 22(8):256-345.
37. Wyllie, D. and Lekule, F.P., 1980. Cassava and molasses for fattening pigs under village conditions in Tanzania. Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago, 57(3):267-276.
38. Xaypha, S., Keonouchanh, S., Phimphachanhvongsot, V., Reinhard, H. and Tin Maun, A., 2007. The use of cassava silage in diets for growing local pigs in Laos. Lao J Agric Forest, 14:.1-10.
39. Scendecor, G.W. and Cochran W.A. 1994. Statistical Methods. (8th edn.0, Oxford and India Book House Pvt. Limited Publishing Company, Kolkata.
Published
2024-09-19
How to Cite
Velato Nyekha, Nizamuddin, M. Catherine Rutsa, V. K. Vidyarthi, R. Zuyie, & Rajan Singh. (2024). Effect of substituting concentrate feed with cassava (Manihot esculenta) silage on the performance of Tenyi Vo pig. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1S), 958 -964. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i1S.942
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