An in-depth review on phytochemistry and pharmacological significance of phyllanthus emblica linn.
Keywords:
Phyllanthus emblica, Amla, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Therapeutic applications, Safety profile.
Abstract
Background: Phyllanthus emblica, commonly known as Amla or Indian gooseberry, has been recognized for its extensive medicinal properties and is a staple in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. This review aims to comprehensively explore its phytochemical composition and pharmacological significance. Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phyllanthus emblica, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications and safety profile. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and relevant pharmacological research on Phyllanthus emblica. Information was categorized into sections, including botanical description, phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action, clinical studies, toxicological profile, and future perspectives. Key Findings: The findings indicate that Phyllanthus emblica is rich in bioactive compounds, including tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, and vitamins. Its pharmacological activities encompass potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic effects. Toxicological studies demonstrate a favorable safety profile, with minimal adverse effects reported at recommended dosages. Conclusion: Phyllanthus emblica holds significant promise as a therapeutic agent due to its extensive health benefits and safety. Further research is needed to address challenges in standardization and formulation to facilitate the development of P. emblica-based pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific validation will enhance its role in contemporary health practices, paving the way for innovative health solutions.References
1. Agarwal, A., Mehta, M., & Agnihotri, R. (2000). Gastroprotective effects of Phyllanthus emblica in stress-induced gastric ulcers. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 65(4), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00230-1
2. Arora, S., Kaur, K., & Kaur, S. (2018). Anticancer potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): An overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(9), 2194-2198.
3. Bajaj, S., & Rahman, A. (1982). Phyllanthus emblica Linn.–A potential source of natural health enhancer. Ancient Science of Life, 1(3), 91-96.
4. Baliga, M. S., Meera, S., Mathai, B., Rai, M. P., Pawar, V., & Palatty, P. L. (2011). Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug, amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.): A review. Food and Function, 2(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0FO00142B
5. Baliga, M. S., Palatty, P. L., & Dsouza, J. J. (2011). Clinical evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) in patients with dyslipidemia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0536
6. Bhatia, S., Anand, A., & Singh, R. (2014). Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica in diabetes: A clinical study. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 29(3), 352-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0423-0
7. Choudhary, P., Ray, B., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of Phyllanthus emblica in animal models. Toxicology Reports, 3, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.004
8. Chularojmontri, L., Wattanapitayakul, S. K., Herunsalee, A., Charuchongkolwongse, S., Niumsakul, S., & Srichairatanakool, S. (2013). Antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(6), 528-536. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2615
9. Gupta, A., & Chaphalkar, S. (2015). Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Phyllanthus emblica extracts in diabetic animal models. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(1), 104-107. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2015.v8i1.5173
10. Gupta, M., Jain, S., & Sharma, R. A. (2017). Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica juice in osteoarthritis: A clinical study. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 23(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000000537
11. Kaur, G., Sharma, A., & Sood, S. (2018). Safety assessment of Phyllanthus emblica extract: An acute and sub-acute toxicity study in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 227, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.027
12. Kapoor, S., & Kaur, A. (2014). Phytochemical analysis and biological significance of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(7), 2735-2743. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(7).2735-43
13. Khan, K. H., & Ansari, S. A. (2013). Role of Phyllanthus emblica in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 2275-2279. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.2275
14. Khan, K. H., Khan, S. N., & Wahab, S. (2015). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phyllanthus emblica: A comprehensive review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8(8), 1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00185.0
15. Kumari, R., Rajput, D., & Kumar, S. (2021). Phytochemistry and therapeutic applications of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 15(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7036
16. Nair, A. G., Thomas, S., & Sreejith, P. (2015). Acute and chronic toxicity studies of Phyllanthus emblica in rodents. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 8(7), 550-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(15)60669-4
17. Naik, G. H., Priyadarsini, K. I., Bhagirathi, R. G., Mishra, B., Mishra, K. P., Banavalikar, M. M., & Mohan, H. (2003). In vitro antioxidant studies and free radical reactions of Phyllanthus emblica extract and emblicanin A and B. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(18), 5575-5580. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030331n
18. Pandey, S., Kumar, S., & Sharma, D. (2016). Standardization of herbal products: Challenges and solutions. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 12-15.
19. Patel, S., Bansal, S., & Jha, R. (2019). Development of herbal formulations using Phyllanthus emblica for immune support. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 7(4), 15-19.
20. Rajeshkumar, S., Kumar, S., & Karthikeyan, M. (2017). Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of Phyllanthus emblica L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 2132-2138.
21. Rathi, B., Verma, S., & Sharma, M. (2021). Incorporation of Phyllanthus emblica into functional foods: A new avenue for health benefits. Food Science and Human Wellness, 10(4), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2021.03.001
22. Sahu, R., Sharma, D., & Kaur, G. (2019). Liposomal formulations of herbal drugs: An emerging trend in phytomedicine. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 11(2), 211-220.
23. Scartezzini, P., & Speroni, E. (2000). Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00286-7
24. Shah, S., & Modi, A. (2019). Recent advances in extraction methods and analytical techniques for phytochemical analysis of Phyllanthus emblica L. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 12(7), 25-30.
25. Sharma, A., Gupta, R., & Kumar, M. (2017). Stability studies of herbal formulations: Challenges and strategies. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), 10-16.
26. Sharma, R. A., Jain, S., & Gupta, M. (2011). Botanical and ethnopharmacological properties of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(10), 2161-2172.
27. Singh, R., Singh, S. K., & Arora, S. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Phyllanthus emblica. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(6), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2012.2612
28. Subhashini, C., & Srinivas, K. (2016). Immunomodulatory potential of Phyllanthus emblica in experimental animals. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.211505
29. Tiwari, S. K., & Sharma, M. C. (2015). Phyllanthus emblica: A valuable medicinal herb. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(3), 1-3.
30. Tripathi, R., & Dubey, R. (2016). Advances in biotechnological applications of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i1.409
2. Arora, S., Kaur, K., & Kaur, S. (2018). Anticancer potential of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): An overview. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 10(9), 2194-2198.
3. Bajaj, S., & Rahman, A. (1982). Phyllanthus emblica Linn.–A potential source of natural health enhancer. Ancient Science of Life, 1(3), 91-96.
4. Baliga, M. S., Meera, S., Mathai, B., Rai, M. P., Pawar, V., & Palatty, P. L. (2011). Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Ayurvedic drug, amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn.): A review. Food and Function, 2(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0FO00142B
5. Baliga, M. S., Palatty, P. L., & Dsouza, J. J. (2011). Clinical evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) in patients with dyslipidemia. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0536
6. Bhatia, S., Anand, A., & Singh, R. (2014). Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica in diabetes: A clinical study. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 29(3), 352-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0423-0
7. Choudhary, P., Ray, B., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Evaluation of acute and sub-acute toxicity of Phyllanthus emblica in animal models. Toxicology Reports, 3, 155-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.004
8. Chularojmontri, L., Wattanapitayakul, S. K., Herunsalee, A., Charuchongkolwongse, S., Niumsakul, S., & Srichairatanakool, S. (2013). Antioxidative and cardioprotective effects of Phyllanthus emblica extract in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Journal of Medicinal Food, 16(6), 528-536. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2615
9. Gupta, A., & Chaphalkar, S. (2015). Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Phyllanthus emblica extracts in diabetic animal models. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(1), 104-107. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2015.v8i1.5173
10. Gupta, M., Jain, S., & Sharma, R. A. (2017). Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica juice in osteoarthritis: A clinical study. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology, 23(1), 24-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000000537
11. Kaur, G., Sharma, A., & Sood, S. (2018). Safety assessment of Phyllanthus emblica extract: An acute and sub-acute toxicity study in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 227, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.027
12. Kapoor, S., & Kaur, A. (2014). Phytochemical analysis and biological significance of Phyllanthus emblica (amla): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(7), 2735-2743. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(7).2735-43
13. Khan, K. H., & Ansari, S. A. (2013). Role of Phyllanthus emblica in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 14(3), 2275-2279. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.3.2275
14. Khan, K. H., Khan, S. N., & Wahab, S. (2015). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Phyllanthus emblica: A comprehensive review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 8(8), 1109-1118. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2015.00185.0
15. Kumari, R., Rajput, D., & Kumar, S. (2021). Phytochemistry and therapeutic applications of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 15(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7036
16. Nair, A. G., Thomas, S., & Sreejith, P. (2015). Acute and chronic toxicity studies of Phyllanthus emblica in rodents. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 8(7), 550-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(15)60669-4
17. Naik, G. H., Priyadarsini, K. I., Bhagirathi, R. G., Mishra, B., Mishra, K. P., Banavalikar, M. M., & Mohan, H. (2003). In vitro antioxidant studies and free radical reactions of Phyllanthus emblica extract and emblicanin A and B. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(18), 5575-5580. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030331n
18. Pandey, S., Kumar, S., & Sharma, D. (2016). Standardization of herbal products: Challenges and solutions. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(1), 12-15.
19. Patel, S., Bansal, S., & Jha, R. (2019). Development of herbal formulations using Phyllanthus emblica for immune support. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 7(4), 15-19.
20. Rajeshkumar, S., Kumar, S., & Karthikeyan, M. (2017). Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of Phyllanthus emblica L. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 2132-2138.
21. Rathi, B., Verma, S., & Sharma, M. (2021). Incorporation of Phyllanthus emblica into functional foods: A new avenue for health benefits. Food Science and Human Wellness, 10(4), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2021.03.001
22. Sahu, R., Sharma, D., & Kaur, G. (2019). Liposomal formulations of herbal drugs: An emerging trend in phytomedicine. International Journal of Phytomedicine, 11(2), 211-220.
23. Scartezzini, P., & Speroni, E. (2000). Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00286-7
24. Shah, S., & Modi, A. (2019). Recent advances in extraction methods and analytical techniques for phytochemical analysis of Phyllanthus emblica L. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 12(7), 25-30.
25. Sharma, A., Gupta, R., & Kumar, M. (2017). Stability studies of herbal formulations: Challenges and strategies. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), 10-16.
26. Sharma, R. A., Jain, S., & Gupta, M. (2011). Botanical and ethnopharmacological properties of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(10), 2161-2172.
27. Singh, R., Singh, S. K., & Arora, S. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Phyllanthus emblica. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2(6), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2012.2612
28. Subhashini, C., & Srinivas, K. (2016). Immunomodulatory potential of Phyllanthus emblica in experimental animals. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 78(3), 382-388. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.211505
29. Tiwari, S. K., & Sharma, M. C. (2015). Phyllanthus emblica: A valuable medicinal herb. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8(3), 1-3.
30. Tripathi, R., & Dubey, R. (2016). Advances in biotechnological applications of Phyllanthus emblica: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i1.409
Published
2024-10-20
How to Cite
Anjali Gupta, Vikram Sharma, Bibhu Prasad Moharana, Anil Kumar, Tanmay Ghosh, Ananya Bhowmick, Sivamani S, Viabhav Kumar Upadhayay, & Sanmati Kumar Jain. (2024). An in-depth review on phytochemistry and pharmacological significance of phyllanthus emblica linn. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 351-360. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i2.1325
Section
Articles
