Evolution Of Compound Molecules As Potential Drugs To Cure Insulin Resistance
Abstract
The development of NIDDM is mostly due to insulin resistance. This disorder develops when cells in the body do not react normally to insulin, despite having normal blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes may be effectively treated with medications that increase insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation. They aid in enhancing the first stages of insulin signaling. The stem bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume was used to extract a proanthocyanidin called Cinnamtannin B1, which was then utilized in research to determine whether or not it might phosphorylate IR. This chemical is a member of the Lauraceae genus. The chemical makeup of the substance was deduced using spectroscopy. Cinnamontannin B1 (0.11 mM) increases insulin receptor-subunit phosphorylation on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inhibition of GLUT4 by cytochalasin B and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity by vanadate. Insulin receptor phosphorylation was unaffected by vanadate. These findings suggest that Cinnamtannin B1 stimulates the PI3K pathway, leading to the phosphorylation of IR.
References
2. Qureshi, A.S., “Effect of ethanolic preparations of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract on hematologic and histometric parameters of selected organs in Alloxan® induced diabetic female albino rats”. J Diabetes Metab Disord Vol 18, issue (2), Page 505–512,2019
3. Gupta Jain, S., “Effect of oral cinnamon intervention on metabolic profile and body composition of Asian Indians with metabolic syndrome: a randomised, double-blind control trial”. Lipids Health Dis, Vol 16, issue (2), Page 113-119,2017.
4. Muhammad D “Cinnamon and its derivatives as a potential ingredient in functional food—A review”, International Journal of Food Properties, Vol 20, issue (2), Page 2237-2263,2017.
5. Krishnan R, “Isolation and analysis of polymeric polyphenol from black tea”. Food Chemistry, Vol 96, issue (2), Page 331- 340,2006
6. Sivapriya T “Antimicrobial activity of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum aqueous extract against bacteria and fungi responsible for urinary tract infection”. Vol 1, issue (2), Page 187-195,2020
7. Hariri, M. “Cinnamon and chronic diseases. In Drug Discovery from Mother Nature”, Vol 1, issue (2), Page 1-24,2016.
8. Sivapriya T “Qualitative and quantitative and antioxidant analysis of phytochemicals present in Cinnamomum zeylanicum species”, Vol 1, issue (2), Page 43-49,2020
9. Rajadurai M,. “Herb Used for the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease in Malayali Tribes, Pachamalai Hills”. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, Vol 8, issue (7), Page 1218- 1222,2016
10. Jayaprakasha,. “Volatile Constituents from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Fruit”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol 51, Issue (15), Page 4344-4348,2003.
11. Kamiya, K., C. “Studies on Constituents of Parameria laevigata MOLDENKE”. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Vol 49, Issue (5), Page 551-557,2003.
12. Foo, L. Y., Y. “A-Type Proanthocyanidin Trimers from Cranberry that Inhibit Adherence of Uropathogenic P-Fimbriated Escherichia coli”. Journal of Natural Products. Vol 63, issue (9), page 1225-1228,2000.
13. Baek, N. I., E. J. “Flavonoids and a Proanthocyanidin from Rhizomes of Selligue feei”. Phytochemistry. Vol 36, issue (2), page 513-518,1994.
14. Bilia, A. R., I. Morelli, M. “Flavans and A-Type Proanthocyanidins from Prunus prostate”. Phytochemistry. Vol 43, issue (4), page 887-892,1996.
15. Sidhu, M.C.; “Medicinal Plants From Twelve Families Having Antidiabetic Activity: A Review”. Am. J. PharmTech Res, Vol 3, Vol 1, issue (2), Page 36–52,2013.
16. Muhammad, A., “Biologically active flavonoids from Dodonaea viscosa and their structure-activity relationships”. Ind. Crop. Prod. Vol 78, issue (2), Page 66–72,2015.
17. Muthukumran, P., “Antidiabetic activity of Dodonaea viscosa (L) leaf extracts”. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. Vol 3, issue (2), Page 136–139,2011.
18. Nguyen, P. H., “Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) and their insulin mimetic activity”. J. Nat. Prod.Vol 76, issue (2), Page 2080–2087,2013.
19. Nieto-Vazquez, I., “Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1Bdeficient myocytes show increased insulin sensitivity and protection against tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance”. Diabetes, Vol 56, issue (2), Page 404–413,2007.
20. Uddin, Z., Li, Z., “Visconata: a rare flavonol having long chain fatty acid from Dodonaea viscosa which inhibits Human neutrophil elastase (HNE)”. Tetrahedron Lett, Vol 58, issue (2), Page 2507–2511,2017
