Pectoralis Mycocutaneous Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction- A Review

Dr. Aishwarya S; Dr. Prakash Dhanavelu; Dr. Vijay Ebenezer

Dr. Aishwarya S
Dr. Prakash Dhanavelu
Dr. Vijay Ebenezer

Keywords: Pectoralis major flap, Head and neck reconstruction, Flap complications, Surgical repair, Pedicled flap

Abstract

The pectoralis myocutaneous flap stands as a highly versatile and frequently utilized surgical technique within the realm of reconstructive procedures, particularly gaining prominence in complex head and neck surgeries. This sophisticated method entails the meticulous harvesting of a composite tissue flap from the chest wall, specifically encompassing a segment of skin, the underlying subcutaneous tissue, and the pectoralis major muscle. Its remarkable utility stems from several inherent advantages, chief among them being its exceptionally robust blood supply, which ensures excellent tissue viability post-transplantation. Furthermore, the flap's inherent malleability allows surgeons to meticulously contour and shape it to precisely address intricate and challenging defects. Such defects commonly arise from extensive tumor excisions, a frequent necessity in oncology, or from severe traumatic injuries that result in significant tissue loss.

A crucial benefit of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap is its anatomical proximity to typical head and neck recipient sites. This close proximity facilitates an efficient and often less complex vascular anastomosis, the surgical connection of blood vessels between the flap and the recipient area. Optimal vascular anastomosis is paramount as it directly promotes robust tissue integration and ultimately contributes to the long-term success of the reconstruction. Despite the demonstrated efficacy of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap across a diverse range of clinical scenarios, it is imperative to emphasize that successful outcomes are heavily contingent upon careful patient selection and a high level of surgical skill. The intricate nature of the procedure demands meticulous planning and execution. Moreover, the field of reconstructive surgery is continuously evolving; ongoing advancements in microsurgical techniques and innovative flap design consistently contribute to the refinement and evolution of this reconstructive approach. These continuous improvements not only enhance its applicability to an even wider spectrum of complex cases but also play a vital role in minimizing donor site morbidity, thereby improving the overall patient experience and outcome.

Author Biographies

Dr. Aishwarya S

Post-graduate student Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai.

Dr. Prakash Dhanavelu

Professor, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospitals

Dr. Vijay Ebenezer

Head of the Department, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai.

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