From Margins to Mainstream: The Influence of Regional Parties on India’s Governance

Abstract

India's political landscape has undergone a profound transformation since independence, evolving from a one-party dominant system to a vibrant multi-party democracy where regional parties have emerged as pivotal actors. This article examines the trajectory of regional parties from peripheral entities to mainstream influencers in national governance. Drawing on historical analysis, coalition dynamics, and case studies, it explores how these parties have reshaped center-state relations, policy formulation, and federal structures. Through a qualitative review of literature and secondary data from electoral outcomes, the study highlights the dual role of regional parties in promoting inclusive development while posing challenges to national cohesion. Key findings reveal that regional parties have secured nearly 45% of the national vote share in recent elections, compelling national governments to accommodate regional aspirations in areas like economic devolution, linguistic policies, and foreign relations. However, their fragmented nature risks policy paralysis in coalitions. The article underscores the need for institutional reforms to balance regional assertiveness with national unity, offering insights for strengthening India's federal democracy.