Green synthesis and characterization of soluble starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles with evaluation of antioxidant, wound healing and anticancer activity
Keywords:
soluble starch, silver nanoparticles, biopolymers, antioxidant, anticancer activity, wound healing
Abstract
Soluble starch was used as a green reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (SS-AgNPs) using an eco-friendly approach. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a distinct surface plasmon resonance peak observed at 432 nm in the UV-visible spectroscopy. Structural characterizations using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) showed sharp reflections corresponding to the face-centered cubic structure of silver, as well as crystallite sizes ranging from 14.72 to 17.60 nm, with an average of 15.83 nm. TEM analysis of nanoparticles showed predominantly spherical particles with an average size of 25.26 nm. SEM image revealed that the morphology was somewhat uniform with very little aggregation. It also confirmed elemental purity of the nanoparticles with strong silver signals by EDS. SS-AgNPs were synthesized and displayed low-to-moderate antioxidant capacity with a DPPH IC50 of 303.45 μg/mL. Biocompatibility studies with HaCaT keratinocytes confirmed increased cell proliferation (∼187% viability), making it an appropriate candidate for cell proliferation-based wound healing potential. The anticancer activity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells was observed to be strong with an IC50 of 14.69 μg/mL, with apoptotic morphological alterations as well. Together, the results demonstrate that soluble starch can efficiently synthesize solid, crystalline silver nanoparticles with antioxidant, anticancer, and wound-healing activities.
References
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33. Hasanin, M., Al Abboud, M.A., Alawlaqi, M.M., Abdelghany, T.M. and Hashem, A.H., 2022. Ecofriendly synthesis of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles with starch-based nanocomposite: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(5), pp.2099-2112.
2. Baker, C., Pradhan, A., Pakstis, L., Pochan, D.J. and Shah, S.I., 2005. Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5(2), pp.244-249.
3. Burdușel, A.C., Gherasim, O., Grumezescu, A.M., Mogoantă, L., Ficai, A. and Andronescu, E., 2018. Biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles: an up-to-date overview. Nanomaterials, 8(9), p.681.
4. Saravanakumar, K., Sriram, B., Sathiyaseelan, A., Mariadoss, A.V.A., Hu, X., Han, K.S., Vishnupriya, V., MubarakAli, D. and Wang, M.H., 2021. Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity of starch-encapsulated biogenic silver nanoparticle and its improved anti-bacterial activity. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 182, pp.1409-1418.
5. Gamage, A., Thiviya, P., Mani, S., Ponnusamy, P.G., Manamperi, A., Evon, P., Merah, O. and Madhujith, T., 2022. Environmental properties and applications of biodegradable starch-based nanocomposites. Polymers, 14(21), p.4578.
6. Morán, D., López-Carballo, G., Gavara, R., Gutiérrez, G. and Matos, M., 2025. Starch-silver hybrid nanoparticles: A novel antimicrobial agent. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 717, p.136797.
7. Bedlovičová, Z., Strapáč, I., Baláž, M. and Salayová, A., 2020. A brief overview on antioxidant activity determination of silver nanoparticles. Molecules, 25(14), p.3191.
8. Buttacavoli, M., Albanese, N.N., Di Cara, G., Alduina, R., Faleri, C., Gallo, M., Pizzolanti, G., Gallo, G., Feo, S., Baldi, F. and Cancemi, P., 2017. Anticancer activity of biogenerated silver nanoparticles: an integrated proteomic investigation. Oncotarget, 9(11), p.9685.
9. Lin, J., Huang, Z., Wu, H., Zhou, W., Jin, P., Wei, P., Zhang, Y., Zheng, F., Zhang, J., Xu, J. and Hu, Y., 2014. Inhibition of autophagy enhances the anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles. Autophagy, 10(11), pp.2006-2020.
10. Kaler, A., Mittal, A.K., Katariya, M., Harde, H., Agrawal, A.K., Jain, S. and Banerjee, U.C., 2014. An investigation of in vivo wound healing activity of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles. Journal of nanoparticle research, 16(9), p.2605.
11. Maghimaa, M. and Alharbi, S.A., 2020. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Curcuma longa L. and coating on the cotton fabrics for antimicrobial applications and wound healing activity. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 204, p.111806.
12. Kelly, K.L., Coronado, E., Zhao, L.L. and Schatz, G.C., 2003. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles: the influence of size, shape, and dielectric environment. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107(3), pp.668-677.
13. Cheviron, P., Gouanvé, F. and Espuche, E., 2014. Green synthesis of colloid silver nanoparticles and resulting biodegradable starch/silver nanocomposites. Carbohydrate polymers, 108, pp.291-298.
14. Mehta, B.K., Chhajlani, M. and Shrivastava, B.D., 2017, April. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their characterization by XRD. In Journal of physics: conference series (Vol. 836, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing.
15. Bykkam, S., Ahmadipour, M., Narisngam, S., Kalagadda, V.R. and Chidurala, S.C., 2015. Extensive studies on X-ray diffraction of green synthesized silver nanoparticles. Adv. Nanopart, 4(1), pp.1-10.
16. Ayala Valencia, G., Cristina de Oliveira Vercik, L., Ferrari, R. and Vercik, A., 2013. Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using water‐soluble starch and its antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus. Starch‐Stärke, 65(11-12), pp.931-937.
17. Pascu, B., Negrea, A., Ciopec, M., Duteanu, N., Negrea, P., Nemeş, N.S., Seiman, C., Marian, E. and Micle, O., 2021. A green, simple and facile way to synthesize silver nanoparticles using soluble starch. pH studies and antimicrobial applications. Materials, 14(16), p.4765.
18. Abdelsalam, Nader R., Moustafa MG Fouda, Ahmed Abdel-Megeed, Jamaan Ajarem, Ahmed A. Allam, and Mehrez E. El-Naggar. “Assessment of silver nanoparticles decorated starch and commercial zinc nanoparticles with respect to their genotoxicity on onion.” International journal of biological macromolecules 133 (2019): 1008-1018.
19. Hebeish, A., Shaheen, T.I. and El-Naggar, M.E., 2016. Solid state synthesis of starch-capped silver nanoparticles. International journal of biological macromolecules, 87, pp.70-76.
20. Khan, Z., Singh, T., Hussain, J.I., Obaid, A.Y., Al-Thabaiti, S.A. and El-Mossalamy, E.H., 2013. Starch-directed green synthesis, characterization and morphology of silver nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 102, pp.578-584.
21. Varadharaj, V., Ramaswamy, A., Sakthivel, R., Subbaiya, R., Barabadi, H., Chandrasekaran, M. and Saravanan, M., 2020. Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of green synthesized starch nanoparticles: an in vitro study. Journal of Cluster Science, 31(6), pp.1257-1266.
22. Sreelekha, E., George, B., Shyam, A., Sajina, N. and Mathew, B., 2021. A comparative study on the synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. BioNanoScience, 11(2), pp.489-496.
23. Keshari, A.K., Srivastava, R., Singh, P., Yadav, V.B. and Nath, G., 2020. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Cestrum nocturnum. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 11(1), pp.37-44.
24. Yousaf, H., Mehmood, A., Ahmad, K.S. and Raffi, M., 2020. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications as an alternative antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 112, p.110901.
25. Muneeswaran, T., Maruthupandy, M., Mary, A.S., Vennila, T., Rajaram, K., Ramakritinan, C.M. and Quero, F., 2023. Starch-mediated synthesis of chitosan/silver nanocomposites for antibacterial, antibiofilm and wound healing applications. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 84, p.104424.
26. Aktürk, A., Taygun, M.E., Güler, F.K., Goller, G. and Küçükbayrak, S., 2019. Fabrication of antibacterial polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite mats with soluble starch coated silver nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 562, pp.255-262.
27. El-Hefnawy, M.E., Alhayyani, S., El-Sherbiny, M.M., Sakran, M.I. and El-Newehy, M.H., 2022. Fabrication of nanofibers based on hydroxypropyl starch/polyurethane loaded with the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles for the treatment of pathogenic microbes in wounds. Polymers, 14(2), p.318.
28. Mohanty, S., Mishra, S., Jena, P., Jacob, B., Sarkar, B. and Sonawane, A., 2012. An investigation on the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antibiofilm efficacy of starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 8(6), pp.916-924.
29. Gomathi, A.C., Rajarathinam, S.X., Sadiq, A.M. and Rajeshkumar, S., 2020. Anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aqueous fruit shell extract of Tamarindus indica on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 55, p.101376.
30. Venugopal, K., Rather, H.A., Rajagopal, K., Shanthi, M.P., Sheriff, K., Illiyas, M., Rather, R.A., Manikandan, E., Uvarajan, S., Bhaskar, M. and Maaza, M., 2017. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for anticancer activities (MCF 7 breast and A549 lung cell lines) of the crude extract of Syzygium aromaticum. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 167, pp.282-289.
31. Ramdath, S., Mellem, J. and Mbatha, L.S., 2021. Anticancer and antimicrobial activity evaluation of cowpea‐porous‐starch‐formulated silver nanoparticles. Journal of Nanotechnology, 2021(1), p.5525690.
32. Lomelí-Marroquín, D., Medina Cruz, D., Nieto-Argüello, A., Vernet Crua, A., Chen, J., Torres-Castro, A., Webster, T.J. and Cholula-Díaz, J.L., 2019. Starch-mediated synthesis of mono-and bimetallic silver/gold nanoparticles as antimicrobial and anticancer agents. International journal of nanomedicine, pp.2171-2190.
33. Hasanin, M., Al Abboud, M.A., Alawlaqi, M.M., Abdelghany, T.M. and Hashem, A.H., 2022. Ecofriendly synthesis of biosynthesized copper nanoparticles with starch-based nanocomposite: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Biological Trace Element Research, 200(5), pp.2099-2112.
Published
2024-09-28
How to Cite
Oshin M Manchu, & Dr. S. Jasmin Sugantha Malar. (2024). Green synthesis and characterization of soluble starch-stabilized silver nanoparticles with evaluation of antioxidant, wound healing and anticancer activity. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(2), 2511-2525. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v25i2.2298
Section
Articles
