Synthesis, Characterization and Veterinary Therapeutic Potential of Copper(II) Complexes of Bioactive Heterocyclic Ligands
Keywords:
Copper complexes, Veterinary antimicrobial agents, Heterocyclic ligands, Antioxidant activity, Livestock pathogens
Abstract
Copper plays a crucial role in animal physiology due to its redox activity and involvement in enzymatic defense mechanisms. In this study, novel Copper(II) complexes of heterocyclic ligands were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential relevant to veterinary applications. The complexes were characterized by UV–Visible, FTIR, ESR, PXRD, TGA-DTA, and elemental analysis. Spectral data suggested octahedral geometry around Cu(II) ions. The synthesized complexes demonstrated enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activity compared to free ligands against common veterinary pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The Cu(II) complexes exhibited superior free radical scavenging ability due to redox cycling between Cu(II)/Cu(I). These findings highlight the potential application of copper complexes as alternative therapeutic agents in livestock disease management.
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7. Geary, W. J. The use of conductivity measurements in organic solvents for the characterization of coordination compounds. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 7, 81–122, 1971.
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11. Tweedy, B. G. Plant extracts with metal ions as potential antimicrobial agents. Phytopathology, 55, 910–914, 1964.
12. Frei, A.; Verderosa, A. D.; Elliott, A. G.; Zuegg, J.; Blaskovich, M. A. T. Metal complexes as a promising source for new antibiotics. Chemical Science, 11, 2627–2639, 2020.
13. Wolfe, A.; Shimer, G. H.; Meehan, T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons physically intercalate into DNA. Biochemistry, 26, 6392–6396, 1987.
14. Wiegand, I.; Hilpert, K.; Hancock, R. E. W. Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances. Nature Protocols, 3, 163–175, 2008.
15. Blois, M. S. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199–1200, 1958.
16. Chohan, Z. H.; Supuran, C. T.; Scozzafava, A. Metal binding and antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin complexes. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 20, 303–307, 2005.
17. Coyle, B.; Kinsella, P.; McCann, M.; Devereux, M.; O’Connor, R. Copper(II) complexes of phenanthroline derivatives as DNA cleaving agents. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 98, 1361–1368, 2004.
18. McCann, M.; Kavanagh, K.; Devereux, M.; Geraghty, M.; McKee, V. Mode of action of copper(II) complexes against Candida species. Biometals, 17, 635–645, 2004.
19. Savić, N. D.; Vasić, V. M.; Nikolić, S. D. Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexes with diimine ligands. Polyhedron, 27, 372–378, 2008.
20. Singh, K.; Barwa, M. S.; Tyagi, P. Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of copper(II) complexes with bidentate ligands. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 41, 147–153, 2006.
21. WHO. Antimicrobial resistance: Global report on surveillance. World Health Organization, 1–257, 2020.
22. O’Neill, J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, 1–84, 2016.
23. Slator, C.; Molphy, Z.; McKee, V.; Kellett, A. Copper(II) phenanthroline complexes as therapeutic agents. Dalton Transactions, 46, 14464–14473, 2017.
24. Molphy, Z.; Slator, C.; McKee, V.; Kellett, A. Copper phenanthroline complexes as redox-active antimicrobial agents. Inorganic Chemistry, 55, 8427–8440, 2016.
Published
2023-09-10
How to Cite
A. Krishnendu, & J. Joseph. (2023). Synthesis, Characterization and Veterinary Therapeutic Potential of Copper(II) Complexes of Bioactive Heterocyclic Ligands. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 24(4), 754-759. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v24i4.2339
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