Buffalo Parasitology: Unraveling Infections in the Digestive Scheme
Abstract
Buffalo are big herbivores that belong to the Bovidae family; the study of parasites that impact themwhich is known as buffalo parasitology. Some intriguing tendencies in the occurrence of parasites were discovered in the research, which included 100 buffalo. The positive rate for female buffalo was 30%, somewhat higher than that of male buffalo (27%). An age-specific research found that the occurrence was more elevated in buffalo older than three years (38% vs. 30%) than in buffalo younger than one to three years (30%). Parasite species distributions showed varying levels of prevalence, with Strongyles accounting for 30% of all infections.Furthermore, monthly fluctuations were seen in the number of positive cases; December had the most excellent positivity rate (83.33%).In addition, the research examined the three categories of parasite intensity (50-200, 201-400, and 401-600). Strongyloides spp., Amphistome, and T. vitulorum were found at varying frequencies throughout these ranges, demonstrating the need to consider intensity levels in parasitological studies. The findings help shed light on the ever-changing field of buffalo parasitology and pave the way for more targeted strategies for administration and treatment. A comprehensive view of buffalo health is possible by comprehending the interactions between sex, age, months, and intensity levels. This viewpoint helps make well-informed decisions for efficient parasite control and herd management.
References
Idris, O. A., Wintola, O. A., &Afolayan, A. J. (2019). Helminthiases: prevalence, transmission, host-parasite interactions, resistance to common synthetic drugs, and treatment. Heliyon, 5(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01161.
Evum, U. P. C. V. V. (2015). Insight into trypanosomiasis in animals: various approaches for its diagnosis, treatment and control: a review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 9(5), 172-186. DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2015.172.186.
Amulyoto, M. (2020). Human, cattle, and African buffalo (Synceruscaffer) interface in the Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Laikipia County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHES).
McLachlan, I., Marion, G., McKendrick, I. J., Porphyre, T., Handel, I. G., &Bronsvoort, B. D. (2019). Endemic foot and mouth disease: pastoral in-herd disease dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa. Scientific reports, 9(1), 17349 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53658-5 .
Applebaum, J. W., Tomlinson, C. A., Matijczak, A., McDonald, S. E., &Zsembik, B. A. (2020). The concerns, difficulties, and stressors of caring for pets during COVID-19: Results from a large survey of US pet owners. Animals, 10(10), 1882.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101882.
Glidden, C. K. (2020). Individual Host to Population Scale Dynamics of Parasite Assemblages in African Buffalo of Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Vicente, J., Montoro, V., &Vercauteren, K. C. (2021). Natural and Historical Overview of the Animal Wildlife-Livestock Interface. In Diseases at the Wildlife-Livestock Interface: Research and Perspectives in a Changing World (pp. 33-89). Cham: Springer International Publishing.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65365-1_2.
Sawitri, D. H., Wardhana, A. H., Ekawasti, F., &Dewi, D. A. (2022, February). Parasitological and molecular detection of babesiosis in cattle and buffalo in west and central Java. In 9th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP 2021) (pp. 135-140). Atlantis Press. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899854.
Tiwari, P. (2019). Coprological Study on Prevalence of Helminth Parasites of Buffalo (BubalusBubalis, Linnaeus 1758) in Jhalari VDC of Kanchanpur, Nepal (Doctoral dissertation, Department of Zoology).
Samad, M. (2020). A systematic review of research findings on buffalo health and production published during the last six decades in Bangladesh. Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research, 2(1), 01-62. DOI: 10.36111/jvmohr.2020.2(1).0016.
Al-Jubury, A., Jarullah, B., Al-Jassim, K., Badran, M., &Mahmmod, Y. (2020). Prevalence and diffusion of GI parasite infections in swamp water buffalo (BubalusBubalis) populations from marshlands of Iraq. Journal of Buffalo Science, 9, 38-47. DOI:
Mahran, O. M., Rateb, M. H., Abouel-Hassan, L., &Abd Allah, E. A. (2020). Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Pathological Alterations Induced by Cryptosporidim Infection in Buffalo Calves at Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 10(2), 111-116.
Bhangale, G. N. (2020). GI parasites in Indian buffaloes: a meta-analysis of prevalence. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 34(1), 1-11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0813.2020.00002.9 .
Mwamuye, M. M., Odongo, D., Kazungu, Y., Kindoro, F., Gwakisa, P., Bishop, R. P., &Obara, I. (2020). Variant analysis of the sporozoite surface antigen gene reveals that asymptomatic cattle from wildlife-livestock interface areas in northern Tanzania harbour buffalo-derived T. parva. Parasitology Research, 119, 3817-3828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06902-1.
Ezenwa, V. O., Jolles, A. E., Beechler, B. R., Budischak, S. A., &Gorsich, E. E. (2019). The causes and consequences of parasite interactions: African buffalo as a case study. Wildlife Disease Ecology: Linking Theory to Data and Application. 1st edn.(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2019), 129-60.
De Aquino, M. C. C., Inácio, S. V., Rodrigues, F. D. S., De Barros, L. D., Garcia, J. L., Headley, S. A., ... &Bresciani, K. D. S. (2020). Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in buffaloes (Bubalusbubalis). Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 557967.
Mwamuye, M. M., Obara, I., Elati, K., Odongo, D., Bakheit, M. A., Jongejan, F., &Nijhof, A. M. (2020). Unique mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrate resolution potential to discriminate Theileriaparva vaccine and buffalo-derived strains. Life, 10(12), 334.
Lynsdale, C. L., Seltmann, M. W., Mon, N. O., Aung, H. H., Nyein, U., Htut, W., ...&Lummaa, V. (2022). Investigating associations between nematode infection and three measures of sociality in Asian elephants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 76(7), 87.
Poulin, R. (2021). The rise of ecological parasitology: twelve landmark advances that changed its history. International Journal for Parasitology, 51(13-14), 1073-1084.
