Avian Influenza: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Of Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Approaches, Prevention Strategies, Recent Outbreaks and Global Collaboration
Keywords:
.
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) viruses, including highly pathogenic subtypes such as H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2, pose significant threats to global public health and agriculture. This systematic review synthesizes current knowledge on AI, encompassing epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, prevention strategies, recent outbreaks, specific challenges in India, and global collaboration efforts. The review underscores the critical role of international cooperation in mitigating AI's impact on health security and economic stability.
References
1. Vijaykrishna, D., Smith, G.J., Zhang, J.X., Peiris, J.S., Chen, H., & Guan, Y. (2008). Evolution and molecular epidemiology of H5N1 influenza A viruses in India. Journal of Virology, 82(17), 8413-8424.
2. Webster, R.G., Bean, W.J., Gorman, O.T., Chambers, T.M., & Kawaoka, Y. (1992). Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiological Reviews, 56(1), 152-179.
3. Beigel, J.H., Farrar, J., Han, A.M., Hayden, F.G., Hyer, R., de Jong, M.D., ... & Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5. (2005). Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(13), 1374-1385.
4. Nagarajan, S., Tosh, C., Smith, D.K., Peiris, J.S., & Murugkar, H.V. (2017). Avian influenza (H5N1) virus in poultry and wild birds, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(2), 284-287.
5. Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Bulaga, L.L., Myers, T.J., Perdue, M.L., Garber, L.P., ... & Suarez, D.L. (2003). Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(1), 3256-3260.
6. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2021). Avian Influenza. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/avian_influenza.html
7. World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Global influenza surveillance and response system (GISRS). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/en/
8. Indian Express. (2024). First bird flu case in India 2024: All you need to know. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/first-bird-flu-case-india-2024-all-you-need-to-know-9387525/
2. Webster, R.G., Bean, W.J., Gorman, O.T., Chambers, T.M., & Kawaoka, Y. (1992). Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiological Reviews, 56(1), 152-179.
3. Beigel, J.H., Farrar, J., Han, A.M., Hayden, F.G., Hyer, R., de Jong, M.D., ... & Writing Committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) Consultation on Human Influenza A/H5. (2005). Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(13), 1374-1385.
4. Nagarajan, S., Tosh, C., Smith, D.K., Peiris, J.S., & Murugkar, H.V. (2017). Avian influenza (H5N1) virus in poultry and wild birds, India. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(2), 284-287.
5. Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Bulaga, L.L., Myers, T.J., Perdue, M.L., Garber, L.P., ... & Suarez, D.L. (2003). Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41(1), 3256-3260.
6. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2021). Avian Influenza. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/subjects/en/health/diseases-cards/avian_influenza.html
7. World Health Organization (WHO). (2017). Global influenza surveillance and response system (GISRS). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/en/
8. Indian Express. (2024). First bird flu case in India 2024: All you need to know. Retrieved from https://indianexpress.com/article/health-wellness/first-bird-flu-case-india-2024-all-you-need-to-know-9387525/
How to Cite
Sakshi Patel, Poorvi, Yash Raj Gupta, Ayush Pandey, Elby K Paul, Kuldeep Singh, & Rajdeep Paul. (1). Avian Influenza: A Comprehensive Systematic Review Of Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Approaches, Prevention Strategies, Recent Outbreaks and Global Collaboration. Revista Electronica De Veterinaria, 25(1S), 229-232. Retrieved from https://veterinaria.org/index.php/REDVET/article/view/607
Section
Articles
